Geomechanics and Engineering

Techno-Press (테크노프레스)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Strength and compressibility characteristics of peat stabilized with sand columns

  • Jorat, M. Ehsan (MARUM - Center for Marine and Environmental Sciences, University of Bremen) ;
  • Kreiter, Stefan (MARUM - Center for Marine and Environmental Sciences, University of Bremen) ;
  • Morz, Tobias (MARUM - Center for Marine and Environmental Sciences, University of Bremen) ;
  • Moon, Vicki (Department of Earth and Ocean Sciences, University of Waikato) ;
  • de Lange, Willem (Department of Earth and Ocean Sciences, University of Waikato)
  • Received : 2013.01.02
  • Accepted : 2013.08.05
  • Published : 2013.12.25
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

Organic soils exhibit problematic properties such as high compressibility and low shear strength; these properties may cause differential settlement or failure in structures built on such soils. Organic soil removal or stabilization are the most important methods to overcome geotechnical problems related to peat soils' engineering characteristics. This paper presents soil mechanical intervention for stabilization of peat with sand columns and focuses on a comparison between the mechanical characteristics of undisturbed peat and peat stabilized with 20%, 30% and 40% of sand on the laboratory scale. Cylindrical columns were extruded in different diameters through a nearly undisturbed peat sample in the laboratory and filled with sand. By adding sand columns to peat, higher permeability, higher shear strength and a faster consolidation was achieved. The sample with 70% peat and 30% sand displayed the most reliable compressibility properties. This can be attributed to proper drainage provided by sand columns for peat in this specific percentage. It was observed that the granular texture of sand also increased the friction angle of peat. The addition of 30% sand led to the highest shear strength among all mixtures considered. The peat samples with 40% sand were sampled with two and three sand columns and tested in direct shear and consolidation tests to evaluate the influence of the number and geometry of sand columns. Samples with three sand columns showed higher compressibility and shear strength. Following the results of this laboratory study it appears that the introduction of sand columns could be suitable for geotechnical peat stabilization in the field scale.

Keywords

References

  1. Ahnberg, H., Johansson, S.E., Retelius, A., Ljungkrantz, C., Holmqvist, L. and Holm, G. (1995), "Cement and lime for deep stabilisation of soil", Stabilization of Organic Soils by Cement and Puzzolanic Reactions, 48th Report of Swedish Geotechnical Institute, Report 3.
  2. Andriesse, J.P. (1988), Nature and Management of Tropical Peat Soils, FAO Soils Bulletin 59 Rome, ISBN: 9251026572; Edition Number: 291894, Rome.
  3. Deboucha, S., Roslan, H. and Alwi, A. (2008), "Engineering properties of stabilized tropical peat soils", Electron. J. Geotech. Eng., 13(E), 1-9.
  4. Dhowian, A.W. and Edil, T.B. (1980), "Consolidation behavior of peats", Geotech. Test. J., 3(3), 105-114. https://doi.org/10.1520/GTJ10881J
  5. Edil, T.B. and Wang, X. (2000), "Shear strength and k0 of peats and organic soils", Geotechniques of High Water Content Materials, ASTM STP1374, American Society for Testing and Materials, West Conshohocken, PA, 209-225.
  6. Geological Survey of Bremen (GDfB), in prep., "Bremen Geological Map", 1:25,000 Web Map Service (WMS).
  7. Hebib, S. and Farrell, E.R. (2000), "Laboratory determination of deformation and stiffness parameters of stabilized peat", Proceedings of Soft Ground Technology Conference, Leeuwenhorst Conference Center, Noordwijkerhout, The Netherlands, May-June, 182-193.
  8. Huat, B.B.K. (2004), Organic and Peat Soil Engineering, University Putra Malaysia Press, Serdang, Malaysia.
  9. Huat, B.B.K., Kazemian, S., Prasad, A. and Barghchi, M. (2011), "A study of the compressibility behavior of peat stabilized by DMM: Lab Model and FE analysis", Sci. Res. Essays, 6(1), 196-204.
  10. Islam, M.S. and Hashim, R. (2008), "Use of machintosh probe test for field investigation in peat soil", Proceeding of International Conference on Highway and Geotechnical Engineering, Best Western Premier Seri Pacific kula Lumpur, Malaysia, May, pp. 27.
  11. Kalantari, B., Prasad, A. and Huat, B.B.K. (2010), "Peat stabilization using cement, polypropylene and steel fibres", Geomech. Eng., Int. J., 2(4), 321-335. https://doi.org/10.12989/gae.2010.2.4.321
  12. Kurihara, N., Isoda, T., Ohta, H. and Sekiguchi, H. (1994), "Settlement performance of the central Hokkaido expressway built on peat", Proceeding of Conference on Advances in Understanding and Modeling the Mechanical Behavior of Peat, Balkema, A.A., Rotterdam, The Netherlands, June, 361-367.
  13. Lade, P.V. and Wasif, U. (1988), "Effect of height-to-diameter ratio in triaxial specimens on the behavior of cross-anisotropic sand", Proceedings of Symposium on Advanced Triaxial Testing of Soil and Rock, Louisville, American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM Special Technical Publication 977), Philadelphia, PA, USA, 706-714.
  14. Landva, A.O. and Pheeney, P.E. (1980), "Peat fabric and structure", Can. Geotech. J., 17(3), 416-435. https://doi.org/10.1139/t80-048
  15. Leonards, G.A. and Girault, P. (1961), "A study of one-dimensional consolidation test", Proceeding of 9th International Conference on Soil Mechanics and Foundation Engineering (ICSMFE), Paris, 1, 116-130.
  16. Liu, Z. and Liu, X. (2009), Coal, Oil Shale, Natural Bitumen and Heavy Oil and Peat - 6. The Global Distribution of Peat, , Vol. II, Eolss Publishers Company Limited.
  17. MacFarlane, I.C. (1969), Engineering Characteristics of Peat, Muskeg Engineering Handbook, (I.C. McFarlane, Edition), University of Toronto Press, Canada, 78-126.
  18. Mesri, G. and Ajlouni, A. (2007), "Engineering properties of fibrous peats", J. Geotech Geoenviron., 133(7), 850-866. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)1090-0241(2007)133:7(850)
  19. Montanarella, L., Jones, R.J.A. and Hiederer, R. (2006), "The distribution of peatland in Europe", Mires and Peat, Article 01, International Mire Conservation Group and International Peat Society, 1, 1-10.
  20. Ohira, Y. (1977), "Methods of test and investigation", Special Rep., Engineering Problems of Organic Soils in Japan, Research Committee on Organic Soils, 19-33.
  21. Porbaha, A. (2000), "State-of-the-art in deep mixing technology: Design considerations", Ground Improvement, 4(3), 111-125. https://doi.org/10.1680/grim.2000.4.3.111
  22. Roslan, H. and Islam, M.S. (2008), "A model study to determine engineering properties of peat soil and effect on strength after stabilization", Eur. J. Sci. Res., ISSN: 1450-216X, 22(2), 205-215.
  23. Sharma, H.S.S., McCall, D. and Lyons, G. (1996), Chemical Changes in Peat as a Result of Neutralizing with Lime during the Preparation of Mushroom Casing", Mushroom Biology and Mushroom Products, (Rayse Edition), Penn State University, ISBN 1-883956-01-3, 363-372.
  24. Sivakumar, V., McKelvey, D., Graham, J. and Hughes, D. (2004), "Triaxial tests on model sand columns in clay", Can. Geotech. J., 41(2), 299-312. https://doi.org/10.1139/t03-097
  25. Soper, E.K. and Osbon, C.C. (1922), The Occurrence and Uses of Peat in the United States, U.S.G.S. Bulletin No. 728, 1-207.
  26. Sridharan, A. and Nagaraj, H.B. (2012), "Coefficient of consolidation and its correlation with index properties of remolded soils", Geotech. Test. J., 27(5), 1-6.
  27. Wong, L.S., Hashim, R. and Ali, F.H. (2008), "Strength and permeability of stabilized peat soil", J. Appl. Sci., 8(21), 1-5. https://doi.org/10.3923/jas.2008.1.13
  28. Yang, S.D., Yagihashi, J.N. and Yoshizawa, S.S. (1998), Dry Jet Mixing for Stabilization of Very Soft Soils and Organic Soils, Geotechnical Special Publication, No. 81, ASCE, Reston, VA.

Cited by

  1. Effect of sand column on compressibility and shear strength properties of peat 2017, https://doi.org/10.1080/19648189.2017.1344142
  2. A Laboratory Study on Estimation of Shear Strength and Compaction Properties of Overburden Dump Material in Indian Coal Mines vol.92, pp.3, 2018, https://doi.org/10.1007/s12594-018-1021-8
  3. Dilatation characteristics of the coals with outburst proneness under cyclic loading conditions and the relevant applications vol.14, pp.5, 2018, https://doi.org/10.12989/gae.2018.14.5.459
  4. An experiential investigation on the compressibility behavior of cement-treated Indian peat vol.79, pp.3, 2013, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10064-019-01623-x
  5. Study on the mechanical properties and rheological model of an anchored rock mass under creep-fatigue loading vol.23, pp.6, 2020, https://doi.org/10.12989/gae.2020.23.6.535
  6. Consolidation settlement of soil foundations containing organic matters subjected to embankment load vol.24, pp.1, 2013, https://doi.org/10.12989/gae.2021.24.1.043
  7. Deformation and permeability evolution of coal during axial stress cyclic loading and unloading: An experimental study vol.24, pp.6, 2013, https://doi.org/10.12989/gae.2021.24.6.519
  8. Experimental investigation on the primary and secondary consolidation behaviors of organic soil under different water contents vol.14, pp.24, 2013, https://doi.org/10.1007/s12517-021-09231-4
  9. Controlling Conditions of the One-Dimensional Consolidation Test on Peat Soil vol.11, pp.23, 2013, https://doi.org/10.3390/app112311125