영재교육연구 (Journal of Gifted/Talented Education)

한국영재학회 (The Korean Society for the Gifted)
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도형 과제 수행 때 나타나는 청소년의 지능별 대뇌 및 소뇌의 활성도 차이 분석

Activation Differences of Superior Parietal Lobule and Cerebellum Areas While Inferring Geometrical Figures per Intellectual Category in Adolescents

  • 투고 : 2013.09.25
  • 심사 : 2013.10.22
  • 발행 : 2013.10.31
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초록

대뇌 피질과 지능과의 관련성은 다양한 방법으로 연구되어 왔으며, 지능 발현에 관여하는 뇌 영역이 속속 밝혀지고 있다. 이와 함께 소뇌도 대뇌처럼 언어와 기억, 정보 처리 등 다양한 인지 기능 수행에 밀접한 관련이 있다는 사실도 연구 결과 나타났다. 그러나 특정 과제 수행 때 지능별 대뇌와 소뇌 영역들의 활성도 차이를 밝힌 연구 결과는 찾기 어렵다. 본 연구는 공간유추 과제를 수행할 때 나타난 대뇌와 소뇌의 활성 영역을 탐색하고, 그 차이를 분석하였다. 건강한 81명(평균 16세 3개월)의 남자 청소년을 대상으로 WAIS 지능 검사를 하여 5개 지능 범주로 나누고, 도형 유추 과제를 수행하게 하면서 기능성자기공명영상기술(fMRI)로 뇌 영상을 촬영하였다. 그 결과 12개 뇌 영역에서 활성이 나타났는데, 대뇌 피질에서는 시각영역인 양측 하후두회 외에 양측 상두정회와 우측하전두회, 양측 미상회, 그리고 소뇌의 5개 세부 영역들이다. 특히 지능(IQ)이 높을수록 이들 영역의 활성이 강하게 나타났으며, 영재 중에서도 지능이 아주 높은 140~147 범주의 피험자들은 다른 지능그룹에 비해 월등히 높은 활성을 보였다. 이런 결과는 아주 높은 지능의 영재들의 뇌 활용 특징일 수 있기 때문에 '슈퍼 영재'들의 판별에 활용할 수 있을 것으로 기대된다.

The relationship between the cerebral cortex and human intelligence has been studied using various methods, and related brain areas involved in intellectual manifestation have been discovered individually. Such studies have also shown the cerebellum is closely involved in various cognitive functions such as language, memory, and information processing. However, studies showing an activity difference between the cerebral cortex and cerebellum when performing specific tasks are hard to find. This study searched and analyzed the active regions of the cerebral cortex and cerebellum seen while performing the inference of geometrical figures. A WAIS intelligence test was conducted using 81 healthy boys (16.3 years of age on average), and five categories were classified. While performing the inference of shapes, their brain images were taken using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). As a result, the activity in 12 brain regions was observed, including in the cerebral cortex, the bilateral inferior parietal, the visual cortex, bilateral superior parietal, frontal-Inf-Tri-R, and bilateral caudate, while activities in 5 discrete areas were seen in the cerebellum. In particular, the higher the intelligence (IQ) of the subject, the stronger their activity. Among those with the most superior intelligence, subjects with an IQ of 140-147 showed significantly higher activity compared to the other groups. Such results seem to represent a very high utilization of intelligence in a highly gifted group, and we can expect to use this to determine the super gifted.

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