참고문헌
- Albrecht, B. A., W. F. Christopher, W. T. Dennis, and B. W. Allen, 1990: Surface-based remote sensing of the observed and the adiabatic liquid water content of stratocumulus clouds. Geophys. Res. Lett., 1, 89-92.
- Anderson, T. L., R. J. Charlson, D. M. Winker, J. A. Ogren, and K. Holmen, 2003: Mesoscale variations of tropospheric aerosols. J. Atmos. Sci., 60, 119-136. https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0469(2003)060<0119:MVOTA>2.0.CO;2
- Andreae, M. O., D. Rosenfeld, P. Artaxo, A. A. Costa, G. P. Frank, K. M. Longo, and M. A. F. Silva-Dias, 2004: Smoking rain clouds over the Amazon. Science, 303, 1737-1342.
- Chen, F., and J. Dudhia, 2001: Coupling an advanced land surface-hydrology model with the Penn State-NCAR MM5 modeling system. Part I: Model implementation and sensitivity. Mon. Wea. Rev., 129, 569-585. https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0493(2001)129<0569:CAALSH>2.0.CO;2
- Fan, J., D. Rosenfeld, Y. Ding, L. R. Leung, and Z. Li, 2012: Potential aerosol indirect effects on atmospheric circulation and radiative forcing through deep convection. Geophys. Res. Lett., 39, L09806.
- Fan, J., T. Yuan, J. M. Comstock, S. Ghan, A. Khain, L. R. Leung, Z. Li, V. J. Martins, and M. Ovchinnikov, 2009: Dominant role by vertical wind shear in regulating aerosol effects on deep convective clouds. J. Geophys. Res., 114, D22206. https://doi.org/10.1029/2009JD012352
- Feingold, G., H. Jiang, and J. Y. Harrington, 2005: On smoke suppression of clouds in Amazonia. Geophys. Res. Lett., 32, L02804.
- Hong, S.-Y., Y. Noah, and J. Dudhia, 2006: A new vertical diffusion package with an explicit treatment of entrainment processes. Mon. Wea. Rev., 134, 2318-1341. https://doi.org/10.1175/MWR3199.1
- Iacono, M. J., J. S. Delamere, E. J. Mlawer, M. W. Shephard, S. A. Clough, and W. D. Collins, 2008: Radiative forcing by long-lived greenhouse gases: Calculations with the AER radiative transfer models. J. Geophys. Res., 113, D13103, doi:10.1029/2008JD009944.
- Kain, J. S., and J. M. Fritsch, 1993: Convective parameterization for mesoscale models: The Kain-Fritsch scheme. Meteor. Monogr., 24, 165-170.
- Khain, A. P., N. BenMoshe, and A. Pokrovsky, 2008: Factors determining the impact of aerosols on surface precipitation from clouds: An attempt at classification. J. Atmos. Sci., 65, 1721. https://doi.org/10.1175/2007JAS2515.1
- Kim, Y.-J., B.-G. Kim, M. Miller, Q. Min, and C.-K. Song, 2012: Enhanced aerosol-cloud relationships in more stable and adiabatic clouds. Asia-Pacific J. Atmos. Sci., 48, 283-293. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13143-012-0028-0
- Koren, I., G. Feingold, and L. A. Remer, 2010: The invigoration of deep convective clouds over the Atlantic: aerosol effect, meteorology or retrieval artifact?. Atmos. Chem. Phys., 10, 8855-8872. https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-10-8855-2010
- Koren, I., O. Altaratz, L. A. Remer, G. Feingold, J. V. Martins, and R. H. Heiblum, 2012: Aerosol-induced intensification of rain from the tropics to the mid-latitudes. Nature Geosci., 5, 118-122. https://doi.org/10.1038/ngeo1364
- Lebo, Z. J., H. Morrison, and J. H. Seinfeld, 2012: Are simulated aerosol-induced effects on deep convective clouds strongly dependent on saturation adjustment?. Atmos. Chem. Phys., 12, 9941-9964. https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-12-9941-2012
- Lee, S. S., and G. Feingold, 2010: Precipitating cloud-system response to aerosol perturbations. Geophys. Res. Lett., 37, L23806.
- Lee, S. S., G. Feingold, and P. Chuang, 2012: Effects of aerosol on cloud-environment interactions in trade cumulus. J. Atmos. Sci., doi:10.1175/JAS-D-12-026.1.
- Li, Z., F. Niu, J. Fan, Y. Liu, D. Rosenfeld, and Y. Ding, 2011: Long-term impacts of aerosols on the vertical development of clouds and precipitation. Nature Geosci., doi:10.1038/NGEO1313.
- Lim, K.-S. S., and S. Y. Hong, 2010: Development of an effective double-moment cloud microphysics scheme with prognostic cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) for weather and climate models. Mon. Wea. Rev., 138, 1587-1612. https://doi.org/10.1175/2009MWR2968.1
- Martin, G. M., D. W. Johnson, and A. Spice, 1994: The measurement and parameterization of effective radius of droplets in warm stratocumulus clouds. J. Atmos. Sci., 51, 1823-1842. https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0469(1994)051<1823:TMAPOE>2.0.CO;2
- McComiskey, A., and G. Feingold, 2012: The scale problem in quantifying aerosol indirect effects. Atmos. Chem. Phys., 12, 1031-1049. https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-12-1031-2012
- Ramanathan, V., P. J. Crutzen, J. T. Kiehl, and D. Rosenfeld, 2001: Aerosols, climate, and the hydrological cycle. Science, 294, 2119-2123. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1064034
- Rosenfeld, D., 1999: TRMM observed first direct evidence of smoke from forest fires inhibiting rainfall. Geophys. Res. Lett., 26, 3105-3108. https://doi.org/10.1029/1999GL006066
- Rosenfeld, D., W. L. Woodley, A. Khain, W. R. Cotton, G. Carrio, I. Ginis, and J. H. Golden, 2012: Aerosol effects on microstructure and intensity of tropical cyclones. Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc., 987-1001.
- Song, K. Y., and S. S. Yum, 2012: Anthropogenic radiative forcing of marine stratocumulus clouds under different thermodynamic conditions - An LES model study. Atmos. Res., 118, 370-389. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosres.2012.07.018
- Stevens, B., and G. Feingold, 2009: Untangling aerosol effects on clouds and precipitation in a buffered system. Nature, 461, 607-613. https://doi.org/10.1038/nature08281
- Teng, H., W. M. Washington, G. Branstator, G. A. Meehl, and J. F. Lamarque, 2012: Potential impacts of Asian carbon aerosols on future US warming. Geophys. Res. Lett., 39, L11703.
- Twomey, S., 1977: The influence of pollution on the shortwave albedo of clouds. J. Atmos. Sci., 34, 1149-1152. https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0469(1977)034<1149:TIOPOT>2.0.CO;2
- Warner, J., and S. Twomey, 1967: The production of cloud nuclei by cane fires and the effects on cloud droplet concentration. J. Atmos. Sci., 24, 704-706. https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0469(1967)024<0704:TPOCNB>2.0.CO;2