Korean Journal of Ecology and Environment (생태와환경)

The Korean Society of Limnology (한국수생태학회)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Long-term Trends of Summer Season of Water Quality in Lake Doam

도암호에서 하절기 수질의 장기적인 경향

  • Kwak, Sungjin (Department of Environmental Engineering, Kangwon National University) ;
  • Bhattrai, Bal Dev (Department of Environmental Engineering, Kangwon National University) ;
  • Lee, Changkeun (Department of Environmental Engineering, Kangwon National University) ;
  • Heo, Woomyung (Department of Environmental Engineering, Kangwon National University)
  • Received : 2013.01.11
  • Accepted : 2013.03.06
  • Published : 2013.03.31
Download PDF
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

In the summer season (June~August) during the study period of Lake Doam, average concentrations of major water quality parameters, COD, SS, TN, and TP were 4.0, 16.2, 3.129 and $0.077mg\;L^{-1}$, respectively, and Chl-a was $11.8mg\;m^{-3}$. The result has indicated that Lake Doam was a meso-eutrotrophic lake. Lake Doam data from the summer season (June~August), precipitation from 2001 to 2012, and water quality (COD, SS, TN, TP, Chl-a etc.) of seven years (2001, 2002, 2004 and 2009~2012), were statistically analyzed for long-term trends by Mann-Kendall test and Sen's slope estimator methods. The statistical results showed that precipitation, SD, COD, TN, $NO_3-N$, $NH_3-N$ and Chl-a had decreasing trends, and EC, turbidity, SS, TP and DIP had increasing trends. Suspended solids and total phosphorus were directly affected by precipitation. In the case of suspended solids, more aggressive and constructive plans need to be implemented than the current turbidity reduction project to achieve the targeted water quality ($5mg\;L^{-1}$ of SS) in Lake Doam. In particular, we need to specify a project that considers the steep topographic characteristics of high, land farming areas and precipitation conditions of the Lake Doam watershed, which can increase the efficiency of a turbidity reduction project.

Keywords

References

  1. APHA. 1992. Standard Method for Examination of Water and Wastewater 18th ed. American Public Health Assn. Washington DC.
  2. Baca, P. 2002. Temporal variability of suspended sediment availability during rainfall-runoff events in a small agricultural basin. ERB and Northern European FRIEND Project 5 Conference, Demanovska dolina, Slovakia, http://147.213.145.2/svh/ERB-abstracts/Baca_upraveny.pdf.
  3. Bekele, A. and A. McFarland. 2004. Regression-based flow adjustment procedures for trend analysis of water quality data. Transactions of the ASABE 47(4): 1093-1104. https://doi.org/10.13031/2013.16582
  4. Casey, R. 2011. Water Quality Conditions and Long-Term Trends in Alberta Lakes. Environmental Policy Division Alberta Environment and Water. http://environment.gov.ab.ca/info/library/8544.pdf.
  5. Choi, J.W., D.S. Shin, K.J. Lim, S.S. Lee and M.J. Kang. 2012. Estimation Suspended Solids Concentration of the Doam Reservoir under Dry and Wet Weather Conditions. Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture 31(2): 113-121. http://dx.doi.org/ 10.5338/KJEA.2012.31.2.113.
  6. Drapela, K. and I. Drapelova. 2011. Application of Mann-Kendall test and the Sen's slope estimates for trend detection in deposition data from Bíly Kríz (Beskydy Mts., the Czech Republic) 1997-2010. Beskydy 4(2): 133-146.
  7. Gangwon Province. 2005. Highland farm muddy water reduction medium term project.
  8. Gangwon Province & KHNP: Korea Hydro & Nucrear Power Co. 2005. Study for Doam-dam Ploblem Solving.
  9. Gilbert, R.O. 1987. Statistical Methods for Environmental Pollution Monitering. Van Nostrand Reinhold Company, New York.
  10. Heo, S.G., K.S. Kim, J.H. Ahn, J.S. Yoon, K.J. Lim, J.D. Choi, Y.C. Shin and C.W. Lyou. 2006. Evaluation of Water Quality Impacts of Forest Fragmentation at Doam-Dam Watershed using GIS-based Modeling System. The Korean Association of Geographic Information Studies 9(4): 81-94.
  11. Hirsch, R.M. and J.R. Slack. 1984. A nonparametric trend test for seasonal data with serial dependence. Water Resources Research 20(6): 727-732. https://doi.org/10.1029/WR020i006p00727
  12. Hirsch, R.M., J.R. Slack and R.A. Smith. 1982. Techniques of trend analysis for monthly water quality data. Water Resources Research 18: 107-121. https://doi.org/10.1029/WR018i001p00107
  13. Kendall, M. 1975. Rank Correlation Methods. London: Griffin.
  14. KHNP: Korea Hydro & Nucrear Power Co. 2002. Final investigation reports on water quality and aquatic ecosystem of Song River system of Lake Doam.
  15. Kim, B.C., W.M. Heo and G.S. Hwang. 1995. The Eutrophication of Lake Doam. Korean Journal of Limnology 28(2): 233-240.
  16. Kwak, S.J., B.D. Bhattrai, E.J. Kim, C.K. Lee, H.J. Lee and W.M. Heo. 2012. Characteristics of non-point pollution discharge on stormwater runoff from Lake Doam watershed. Korean Journal of Limnology 45(1): 62-71.
  17. Lee, G.F. and A. Jones-Lee. 2001. Assessing the Water Quality Impacts of Phosphorus in Runoff from Agricultural Lands: Expanded Discussion. Presented in part at American Chemical Society Agro Division Symposium, "Environmental Impact of Fertilizer Products in Soil, Air and Water," Chicago, IL, August (2001). Published in part in Symposium Proceedings (Lee and Jones-Lee, 2004). http://www.gfredlee.com/Nutrients/P_Runoff_Ag_ACS.pdf.
  18. Lee, H.W., K.G. An and S.S. Park. 2002. Long-Term Annual Trend Analysis of Epilimnetic Water Quality and Their Longitudinal Heterogeneities in Lake Soyang. Korean Journal of Limnology 35(1): 36-44.
  19. Liboriussen, L., M. Søndergaard, E. Jeppesen, I. Thorsgaard, S. Grünfeld, T.S. Jakobsen and H. Kim. 2009. Effects of hypolimnetic oxygenation on water quality: results from five Danish lakes. Hydrobiologia 625: 157-172. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10750-009-9705-0
  20. Mann, H. 1945. Nonparametric tests against trend. Econometrica 13: 245-259. https://doi.org/10.2307/1907187
  21. Moon, J.P., T.C. Kim and B.G. Ahn. 1999. Load factor of Nonpoint Source Pollutant owing to Land Use in Bangdong Reservoir Watershed. Journal of Agricultural Science, Chungnam National University 26(2): 61-69.
  22. NIER. 1999. Standard Method for Examination of Water and Wastewater 1999. Ministry of Environment Republic of Korea. Gwacheon-si.
  23. Nurnberg, G.K. 1994. Phosphorus release from anoxic sediments: what we know and how we can deal with it. Limnetica 10(1): 1-4.
  24. Park, H.K. 2006. Environmental Damages and Control Measures by Highland Agriculture-Study on System Improvement. MS. Thesis. Kangwon National University. Korea.
  25. Park, S.C., C.R. Oh, Y.H. Jin and D.S. Kim. 2005. Study on Runoff Characteristics of Non-point Source in Rural Area of Seomjin Watershed. Journal of the Environmental Sciences 14(11): 1057-1062. https://doi.org/10.5322/JES.2005.14.11.1057
  26. Reckhow, K.H., K. Kepford and W.W. Hicks. 1993. Methods for the analysis of lake water quality trends. USA-EPA 841-R-93-003.
  27. Saal, L.B. 2005. Rainfall impacts od suspended sediment concentrations in an urbanized tidal creek, southeastern North Carolina. A Thesis Submitted to the University of North Carolina Wilmington in Partial Fulfillment Of the Requirements for the Degree of Master of Science.
  28. Sen, P.K. 1968. Estimates of the regression coefficient based on Kendall' tau. Journal of the American Statistical Association 63: 1379-1389. https://doi.org/10.1080/01621459.1968.10480934
  29. Wetzel, R.G. 2001. Limnology: Lake and River Ecosystem. Elsevier.
  30. Won, C.H., Y.H. Choi, J.Y. Seo, K.C. Kim, M.H. Shin and J.D. Choi. 2009. Determination of EMC and Unit Loading of Rainfall Runoff from Forestry-Crops Field. Journal of Korean Society on Water Quality 25(4): 615-623.
  31. Won, C.H., Y.H. Choi, M.H. Shin, D.S. Shin, D.G. Kang and J.D. Choi. 2011. Runoff Characteristics of NPS Pollution on Field in Rainy Season. Journal of Korean Society on Water Quality 27(5): 572-579.
  32. Wonju Regional Environmental office. 2009-2012. Doam dam non-point pollution source management area monitoring and evaluation program.