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Application of Laser Ultrasonic Technique for Nondestructive Evaluation of Wall Thinning in Pipe

배관부 감육 손상의 비파괴 평가를 위한 레이저 초음파 기술 적용

  • 홍경민 (전북대학교 대학원 기계설계학과) ;
  • 강영준 (전북대 학교 기계설계공학부) ;
  • 박락규 (한국원자력연구원) ;
  • 윤석범 (전북대 학교 기계설계공학부)
  • Received : 2013.03.18
  • Accepted : 2013.07.26
  • Published : 2013.08.30

Abstract

Many of the nuclear power plant pipe is used in high temperature and high pressure environment. Wall thinning frequently caused by the corrosion. These wall thinning in pipe is expected gradually increase as nuclear power become superannuated. Therefore there is need to evaluate wall thinning in pipe and corrosion defect by non-destructive method to prevent the accident of the nuclear power facility due to pipe corrosion. Especially for real-time assessment of the wall thinning that occurs in nuclear power plant pipe, the laser ultrasonic technology can be measured even in hard-to-reach areas, beyond the limits of earlier existing contact methods. In this study, the optical method using laser was applied for non-destructive and non-contact evaluation. Ultrasonic signals was acquired through generating ultrasonic by pulse laser and using laser interferometer. First the ultrasonic signal was detected in no wall thinning in pipe, then a longitudinal wave velocity was measured inside of pipe. Artificial wall thinning specimen compared to 20, 30, 40 and 50% of thickness of the pipe was produced and the longitudinal wave velocity was measured. It was possible to evaluate quantitatively the wall thinning area(internal defect depth) cause it was able to calculate the thickness of each specimen using measured longitudinal wave velocity.

원자력 발전소의 많은 배관들은 고온, 고압 환경에서 사용되고 있으며, 부식에 의한 감육 손상이 빈번하게 발생하고 있다. 이러한 배관의 감육 손상은 원전 설비가 노후화됨에 따라 점차 증가할 것으로 예상된다. 따라서, 배관 부식에 의한 원전 설비의 사고를 예방하기 위해 배관부의 감육 손상 및 부식 결함을 비파괴적인 방법으로 평가할 필요가 있다. 특히, 원자력 발전소의 배관에서 발생하는 감육 손상을 실시간으로 평가하기 위한 레이저 초음파 기술은 기존의 접촉식 방법이 가지는 한계를 넘어 접근이 어려운 부위에서도 측정이 가능하다. 본 연구에서는 비파괴, 비접촉식 평가를 위해 레이저를 이용한 광학적 방법을 적용하였다. 펄스 레이저로 초음파를 발생시키고 레이저 간섭계를 이용하여 초음파 신호를 획득하였으며, 먼저 감육 손상이 없는 배관에서의 초음파 신호를 검출하여 배관 내에서의 종파 속도를 측정하였다. 그리고, 배관의 두께대비 20, 30, 40, 50%의 인위적인 감육 배관을 제작하여 종파 속도를 측정하였다. 측정된 종파 속도를 이용하여 감육 배관의 두께를 계산할 수 있고, 감육 손상 부분(내부결함 깊이)의 정량적 평가도 가능하였다.

Keywords

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