Nutrition Research and Practice

The Korean Nutrition Society (한국영양학회)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Lotus leaf alleviates hyperglycemia and dyslipidemia in animal model of diabetes mellitus

  • Kim, Ah-Rong (Department of Smart Foods and Drugs, School of Food and Life Science, Inje University) ;
  • Jeong, Soo-Mi (Department of Smart Foods and Drugs, School of Food and Life Science, Inje University) ;
  • Kang, Min-Jung (Department of Smart Foods and Drugs, School of Food and Life Science, Inje University) ;
  • Jang, Yang-Hee (Department of Smart Foods and Drugs, School of Food and Life Science, Inje University) ;
  • Choi, Ha-Neul (Department of Smart Foods and Drugs, School of Food and Life Science, Inje University) ;
  • Kim, Jung-In (Department of Smart Foods and Drugs, School of Food and Life Science, Inje University)
  • Received : 2012.11.25
  • Accepted : 2013.01.22
  • Published : 2013.06.01
Download PDF
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of lotus leaf on hyperglycemia and dyslipidemia in animal model of diabetes. Inhibitory activity of ethanol extract of lotus leaf against yeast ${\alpha}$-glucosidase was measured in vitro. The effect of lotus leaf on the postprandial increase in blood glucose levels was assessed in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. A starch solution (1 g/kg) with and without lotus leaf extract (500 mg/kg) was administered to the rats after an overnight fast, and postprandial plasma glucose levels were monitored. Four-week-old db/db mice were fed a basal diet or a diet containing 1% lotus leaf extract for 7 weeks after 1 week of acclimation to study the chronic effect of lotus leaf. After sacrifice, plasma glucose, insulin, triglycerides (TG), total cholesterol (CHOL), high-density lipoprotein (HDL)-CHOL, and blood glycated hemoglobin levels were measured. Lotus leaf extract inhibited ${\alpha}$-glucosidase activity by 37.9%, which was 1.3 times stronger than inhibition by acarbose at a concentration of 0.5 mg/mL in vitro. Oral administration of lotus leaf extract significantly decreased the area under the glucose response curve by 35.1% compared with that in the control group (P < 0.01). Chronic feeding of lotus leaf extract significantly lowered plasma glucose and blood glycated hemoglobin compared with those in the control group. Lotus leaf extract significantly reduced plasma TG and total CHOL and elevated HDL-CHOL levels compared with those in the control group. Therefore, we conclude that lotus leaf is effective for controlling hyperglycemia and dyslipidemia in an animal model of diabetes mellitus.

Keywords

References

  1. King H, Aubert RE, Herman WH. Global burden of diabetes, 1995-2025: prevalence, numerical estimates, and projections. Diabetes Care 1998;21:1414-31. https://doi.org/10.2337/diacare.21.9.1414
  2. Garg A, Grundy SM. Management of dyslipidemia in NIDDM. Diabetes Care 1990;13:153-69. https://doi.org/10.2337/diacare.13.2.153
  3. American Diabetes Association. Summary of revisions for the 2008 clinical practice recommendations. Diabetes Care 2008;31:S3-4. https://doi.org/10.2337/dc08-S003
  4. American Diabetes Association. Management of dyslipidemia in adults with diabetes. Diabetes Care 1998;21:179-82. https://doi.org/10.2337/diacare.21.1.179
  5. Standl E, Baumgartl HJ, Füchtenbusch M, Stemplinger J. Effect of acarbose on additional insulin therapy in type 2 diabetic patients with late failure of sulphonylurea therapy. Diabetes Obes Metab 1999;1:215-20. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1463-1326.1999.00021.x
  6. Sels JP, Huijberts MS, Wolffenbuttel BH. Miglitol, a new alphaglucosidase inhibitor. Expert Opin Pharmacother 1999;1:149-56. https://doi.org/10.1517/14656566.1.1.149
  7. Hanefeld M. The role of acarbose in the treatment of noninsulin- dependent diabetes mellitus. J Diabetes Complications 1998;12:228-37. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1056-8727(97)00123-2
  8. Mai TT, Thu NN, Tien PG, Van Chuyen N. Alpha-glucosidase inhibitory and antioxidant activities of Vietnamese edible plants and their relationships with polyphenol contents. J Nutr Sci Vitaminol (Tokyo) 2007;53:267-76. https://doi.org/10.3177/jnsv.53.267
  9. Gonzalez M, Zarzuelo A, Gamez MJ, Utrilla MP, Jimenez J, Osuna I. Hypoglycemic activity of olive leaf. Planta Med 1992;58:513-5. https://doi.org/10.1055/s-2006-961538
  10. Wang H, Du YJ, Song HC. $\alpha$-Glucosidase and $\alpha$-amylase inhibitory activities of guava leaves. Food Chem 2010;123:6-13. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2010.03.088
  11. Sridhar KR, Bhat R. Lotus - a potential nutraceutical source. J Agric Technol 2007;3:143-55.
  12. Mukherjee PK, Mukherjee D, Maji AK, Rai S, Heinrich M. The sacred lotus (Nelumbo nucifera) - phytochemical and therapeutic profile. J Pharm Pharmacol 2009;61:407-22. https://doi.org/10.1211/jpp.61.04.0001
  13. Zhou T, Luo D, Li XY, Luo Y. Hypoglycemic and hypolipidemic effects of flavonoids from lotus (Nelumbo nuficera Gaertn) leaf in diabetic mice. J Med Plant Res 2009;3:290-3.
  14. Lee SK, Hwang JY, Song JH, Jo JR, Kim MJ, Kim ME, Kim JI. Inhibitory activity of Euonymus alatus against alphaglucosidase in vitro and in vivo. Nutr Res Pract 2007;1:184-8. https://doi.org/10.4162/nrp.2007.1.3.184
  15. Watanabe J, Kawabata J, Kurihara H, Niki R. Isolation and identification of $\alpha$-glucosidase inhibitors from tochu-cha (Eucommia ulmoides). Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 1997;61:177-8. https://doi.org/10.1271/bbb.61.177
  16. Akbarzadeh A, Norouzian D, Mehrabi MR, Jamshidi S, Farhangi A, Verdi AA, Mofidian SM, Rad BL. Induction of diabetes by streptozotocin in rats. Indian J Clin Biochem 2007;22:60-4. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02913315
  17. Raabo E, Terkildsen TC. On the enzymatic determination of blood glucose. Scand J Clin Lab Invest 1960;12:402-7. https://doi.org/10.3109/00365516009065404
  18. Reeves PG, Nielsen FH, Fahey GC Jr. AIN-93 purified diets for laboratory rodents: final report of the American Institute of Nutrition ad hoc writing committee on the reformulation of the AIN-76A rodent diet. J Nutr 1993;123:1939-51. https://doi.org/10.1093/jn/123.11.1939
  19. Grossman SH, Mollo E, Ertingshausen G. Simplified, totally enzymatic method for determination of serum triglycerides with a centrifugal analyzer. Clin Chem 1976;22:1310-3.
  20. Kattermann R, Jaworek D, Möller G, Assmann G, Björkhem I, Svensson L, Borner K, Boerma G, Leijnse B, Desager JP, Harwengt C, Kupke I, Trinder P. Multicentre study of a new enzymatic method of cholesterol determination. J Clin Chem Clin Biochem 1984;22:245-51.
  21. Wadehra NR. A colorimetric method for the estimation of cholesterol from high density lipoprotein and its subclasses. Indian J Clin Biochem 1990;5:131-4. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02873500
  22. Schifreen RS, Hickingbotham JM, Bowers GN Jr. Accuracy, precision, and stability in measurement of hemoglobin A1c by "high-performance" cation-exchange chromatography. Clin Chem 1980;26:466-72.
  23. Morgan CR, Lazarow A. Immunoassay of insulin: two antibody system, plasma insulin levels in normal, subdiabetic and diabetic rats. Diabetes 1963;12:115-26. https://doi.org/10.2337/diab.12.2.115
  24. Haffner SM, Miettinen H, Stern MP. The homeostasis model in the San Antonio Heart Study. Diabetes Care 1997;20:1087-92. https://doi.org/10.2337/diacare.20.7.1087
  25. Lin HY, Kuo YH, Lin YL, Chiang W. Antioxidative effect and active components from leaves of Lotus (Nelumbo nucifera). J Agric Food Chem 2009;57:6623-9. https://doi.org/10.1021/jf900950z
  26. Matsui T, Tanaka T, Tamura S, Toshima A, Tamaya K, Miyata Y, Tanaka K, Matsumoto K. alpha-Glucosidase inhibitory profile of catechins and theaflavins. J Agric Food Chem 2007;55:99-105. https://doi.org/10.1021/jf0627672
  27. Jo SH, Ka EH, Lee HS, Apostolidis E, Jang HD, Kwon YI. Comparison of antioxidant potential and rat intestinal $\alpha$ -glucosidases inhibitory activities of quercetin, rutin, and isoquercetin. Int J Appl Res Nat Prod 2009;2:52-60.
  28. Kim JH, Kang MJ, Choi HN, Jeong SM, Lee YM, Kim JI. Quercetin attenuates fasting and postprandial hyperglycemia in animal models of diabetes mellitus. Nutr Res Pract 2011;5: 107-11. https://doi.org/10.4162/nrp.2011.5.2.107
  29. Abrahamson MJ. Optimal glycemic control in type 2 diabetes mellitus: fasting and postprandial glucose in context. Arch Intern Med 2004;164:486-91. https://doi.org/10.1001/archinte.164.5.486
  30. Wajchenberg BL. Postprandial glycemia and cardiovascular disease in diabetes mellitus. Arq Bras Endocrinol Metabol 2007;51:212-21. https://doi.org/10.1590/S0004-27302007000200010
  31. Lebovitz HE. α-Glucosidase inhibitors as agents in the treatment of diabetes. Diabetes Rev 1998;6:132-45.
  32. Huang CF, Chen YW, Yang CY, Lin HY, Way TD, Chiang W, Liu SH. Extract of lotus leaf (Nelumbo nucifera) and its active constituent catechin with insulin secretagogue activity. J Agric Food Chem 2011;59:1087-94. https://doi.org/10.1021/jf103382h
  33. Sacks DB, Bruns DE, Goldstein DE, Maclaren NK, McDonald JM, Parrott M. Guidelines and recommendations for laboratory analysis in the diagnosis and management of diabetes mellitus. Clin Chem 2002;48:436-72.
  34. Knowler WC, Barrett-Connor E, Fowler SE, Hamman RF, Lachin JM, Walker EA, Nathan DM; Diabetes Prevention Program Research Group. Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin. N Engl J Med 2002;346:393-403. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa012512
  35. O'Keefe JH Jr, Miles JM, Harris WH, Moe RM, McCallister BD. Improving the adverse cardiovascular prognosis of type 2 diabetes. Mayo Clin Proc 1999;74:171-80. https://doi.org/10.4065/74.2.171
  36. Taskinen MR. Diabetic dyslipidaemia: from basic research to clinical practice. Diabetologia 2003;46:733-49. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00125-003-1111-y
  37. Brown WV, Clark L, Falko JM, Guyton JR, Rees TJ, Schonfeld G, Lopes-Virella MF. Optimal management of lipids in diabetes and metabolic syndrome. J Clin Lipidol 2008;2:335-42. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jacl.2008.08.444
  38. Guérin M, Le Goff W, Lassel TS, Van Tol A, Steiner G, Chapman MJ. Atherogenic role of elevated CE transfer from HDL to VLDL(1) and dense LDL in type 2 diabetes : impact of the degree of triglyceridemia. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2001;21:282-8. https://doi.org/10.1161/01.ATV.21.2.282
  39. Stratton IM, Adler AI, Neil HA, Matthews DR, Manley SE, Cull CA, Hadden D, Turner RC, Holman RR. Association of glycaemia with macrovascular and microvascular complications of type 2 diabetes (UKPDS 35): prospective observational study. BMJ 2000;321:405-12. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.321.7258.405
  40. Lee MS, Kim CT, Kim Y. Green tea (-)-epigallocatechin-3- gallate reduces body weight with regulation of multiple genes expression in adipose tissue of diet-induced obese mice. Ann Nutr Metab 2009;54:151-7. https://doi.org/10.1159/000214834
  41. Kobori M, Masumoto S, Akimoto Y, Oike H. Chronic dietary intake of quercetin alleviates hepatic fat accumulation associated with consumption of a Western-style diet in C57/BL6J mice. Mol Nutr Food Res 2011;55:530-40. https://doi.org/10.1002/mnfr.201000392

Cited by

  1. Mung bean coat ameliorates hyperglycemia and the antioxidant status in type 2 diabetic db/db mice vol.23, pp.1, 2014, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10068-014-0034-3
  2. Antidiabetic Activity of a Lotus Leaf Selenium (Se)-Polysaccharide in Rats with Gestational Diabetes Mellitus vol.176, pp.2, 2017, https://doi.org/10.1007/s12011-016-0829-6
  3. Lotus Leaf Aqueous Extract Reduces Visceral Fat Mass and Ameliorates Insulin Resistance in HFD-Induced Obese Rats by Regulating PPARγ2 Expression vol.8, pp.1663-9812, 2017, https://doi.org/10.3389/fphar.2017.00409
  4. Effect of Ultra-fine Traditional Chinese Medicine Compounds on Regulation of Lipid Metabolism and Reduction in Egg Cholesterol of Laying Hens vol.20, pp.1, 2018, https://doi.org/10.1590/1806-9061-2017-0466
  5. : phytochemicals, health promoting activities and beyond pp.1549-7852, 2019, https://doi.org/10.1080/10408398.2018.1553846
  6. Effects of thermal processing methods and simulated digestion on the phenolic content and antioxidant activity of lotus leaves vol.43, pp.2, 2019, https://doi.org/10.1111/jfpp.13869
  7. Effects of potato and lotus leaf extract intake on body composition and blood lipid concentration vol.19, pp.1, 2015, https://doi.org/10.5717/jenb.2015.19.1.25
  8. Nelumbo nucifera Receptaculum Extract Suppresses Angiotensin II-Induced Cardiomyocyte Hypertrophy vol.24, pp.9, 2019, https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules24091647
  9. Characterization and expression analysis of FGF6 (fibroblast growth factor 6) genes of grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idellus) reveal their regulation on muscle growth vol.45, pp.5, 2013, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10695-019-00655-0
  10. Thymoquinone Lowers Blood Glucose and Reduces Oxidative Stress in a Rat Model of Diabetes vol.26, pp.8, 2013, https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules26082348
  11. Phytochemicals and Immunomodulatory Effect of Nelumbo nucifera Flower Extracts on Human Macrophages vol.10, pp.10, 2013, https://doi.org/10.3390/plants10102007