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Evaluation of Effectiveness of Vegetable-related Nutrition Education for Elementary School Students

초등학생 대상 채소 관련 영양교육의 효과 평가

  • Lee, Sun-Ok (Nutrition Education Major, Graduate School of Education, Kyungnam University) ;
  • Kim, Hyun-Ah (Dept. of Food and Nutritional Sciences, Kyungnam University)
  • 이선옥 (경남대학교 교육대학원 영양교육전공) ;
  • 김현아 (경남대학교 식품영양학과)
  • Received : 2013.01.28
  • Accepted : 2013.02.26
  • Published : 2013.05.31

Abstract

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of vegetable-related nutrition education for fourth grade elementary school students in Gyeongnam province. A comparative analysis of nutritional knowledge on vegetables, vegetable preferences, and vegetable intake in school foodservices were assessed between a control group and an experimental group. The control and experimental group contained 62 and 67 students, respectively, and the experimental group received nutritional education in four sessions (40 minutes each session) per week. A self-administered survey was conducted before and after this education, and 122 questionnaires (for 61 members of the experimental group and 61 members of control group) were analyzed. In the experimental group, there was a significant (p<0.001) increase in vegetable-related nutrition knowledge (form 5.02 to 6.10 out of a total score of 9), while there were no significant differences in the control group. Vegetable preference scores also significantly (p<0.001) increased (from 3.44 to 3.85 on the 5-point Likert scale) in experimental group, while there were no significant difference in control group. We also observed a significant (p<0.001) increase in vegetable intake from school foodservices (89.34% to 95.49%) in the experimental group, but there were no significant differences in the control group. In conclusion, a vegetable-related nutrition education for fourth grade elementary school students was effective at improving the nutritional knowledge of vegetables, vegetable preferences, and vegetable intake from school foodservices. Therefore, to encourage the vegetable-related right dietary habits, sustainable, and systematic nutrition education programs should be implemented for elementary students.

본 연구에서는 채소 관련 영양교육의 효과성을 평가하기 위해 경남 창원지역에 소재하는 A초등학교 학생 122명(교육집단 61명, 비교육집단61명)을 대상으로 2010년 10월 4일부터 10월 25일까지 4주간 영양교사가 직접 영양교육을 실시하였으며, 교육집단과 비교육집단을 대상으로 영양교육 전후에 각각 설문조사를 실시하였다. 영양교육의 효과성 평가를 위해 영양지식(채소 인지도, 채소 관련 영양지식), 채소 기호도, 채소 섭취 행동(채소 섭취 경험 정도, 채소 반찬 섭취율)의 변화를 분석하였으며 그 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 채소 관련 영양교육이 채소 인지도에 미치는 영향 분석 결과 교육집단과 비교육집단 모두 교육전보다 교육후 채소 인지도가 유의적으로 높아졌으나(p<0.001), 교육집단의 상승폭이 비교육집단의 상승폭보다 컸다. 또한 채소 관련 영양지식의 경우 비교육집단에서 유의한 차이가 없었으나 교육집단에서는 유의한 차이를 보여(p<0.001) 영양교육으로 인해 채소 관련 영양 지식이 높아졌음을 알 수 있었다. 둘째, 채소 기호도의 변화를 분석한 결과 비교육집단에서는 유의한 차이가 없었으나 교육집단에서는 유의한 차이를 보여(p<0.001) 영양교육이 영양지식의 향상에 효과적인 영향력이 있음을 알 수 있었다. 셋째, 채소 관련 영양교육이 채소 섭취경험의 변화에 미치는 영향을 살펴본 결과 비교육집단(p<0.001)과 교육집단(p<0.001) 모두에서 유의한 차이를 보였으나 교육집단에서의 상승폭이 더 크게 나타났다. 즉 채소 관련 영양교육으로 인해 다양한 채소 섭취를 경험하게 됨을 알 수 있었다. 학교급식에서 제공되는 채소 반찬의 섭취율의 변화에 미치는 영향 분석 결과 시금치반찬(p<0.001), 배추김치(p<0.001), 깍두기(p<0.001)의 섭취율이 교육집단에서 유의적으로 증가하는 것을 알 수 있었다. 넷째, 교육집단을 대상으로 채소 관련 영양교육에 대한 인식을 조사한 결과 조사대상의 67.2%가 '영양교육수업이 흥미 있었다'고 응답하였으며, '영양교육 수업이 영양지식의 향상에 도움이 되었다'는 응답은 62.3%였다. 영양교육 후 채소반찬 제공 시의 섭취행동에 대해서는 '골고루 조금씩 먹는다'는 응답이 44.3%로 가장 많이 조사되어 채소 관련 영양교육이 학생들에게 긍정적인 영향을 미치는 것을 알 수 있었다. 본 연구 결과에 의하면 영양교사에 의한 채소 관련 영양교육이 학생들의 채소 인지도, 채소 관련 영양지식, 채소 기호도, 채소 섭취 경험 및 채소 반찬 섭취율의 변화에 긍정적인 영향을 미치는 것을 알 수 있었다. 본 연구 결과에 근거한 제언은 다음과 같다. 첫째, 본 연구에서는 4주간의 짧은 교육기간이었음에도 불구하고 교육집단의 영양지식과 기호도, 섭취율이 향상되는 결과를 제시하였다. 따라서 올바른 식습관 정착을 위해서는 향상된 영양지식을 지속적으로 실천할 수 있도록 장기적인 교육이 필요함을 알 수 있었다. 둘째, 교육 실시 직후 바로 영양교육의 효과를 측정하여 측정시기가 1회로 그쳤으나 3개월에서 6개월 뒤에 측정함으로써 교육 효과의 지속성에 대한 평가가 이루어져야 할 것 같다. 셋째, 지금까지는 일반적인 영양지식 및 식습관 위주로 영양교육이 이루어졌는데, 향후에는 좀 더 다양한 구체적인 주제별로 체계적인 영양교육 프로그램 및 교육 체계가 마련되어야 할 것이다.

Keywords

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