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A Case of Warfarin-Induced Bleeding in a Patient with CYP2C9 and VKORC1 Gene Polymorphism, Detected by a Point-of-Care Gene Test Device

Warfarin에 의한 출혈 환자에서 POC장비로 확인된 CYP2C9과 VKORC1 유전자의 변이 조합 1예

  • Kim, Bo-Sung (Department of Internal Medicine, Dong-A University College of Medicine) ;
  • Lee, Dong Hyun (Department of Internal Medicine, Dong-A University College of Medicine) ;
  • Park, Hye Kyong (Department of Internal Medicine, Dong-A University College of Medicine) ;
  • Kim, Minkwan (Department of Internal Medicine, Dong-A University College of Medicine) ;
  • Kim, Suk Hyun (Department of Internal Medicine, Dong-A University College of Medicine) ;
  • Kim, Kyung Han (Department of Internal Medicine, Dong-A University College of Medicine) ;
  • Kim, Moo Hyun (Department of Internal Medicine, Dong-A University College of Medicine)
  • 김보성 (동아대학교 의과대학 내과학교실) ;
  • 이동현 (동아대학교 의과대학 내과학교실) ;
  • 박혜경 (동아대학교 의과대학 내과학교실) ;
  • 김민관 (동아대학교 의과대학 내과학교실) ;
  • 김석현 (동아대학교 의과대학 내과학교실) ;
  • 김경한 (동아대학교 의과대학 내과학교실) ;
  • 김무현 (동아대학교 의과대학 내과학교실)
  • Received : 2012.06.07
  • Accepted : 2012.10.04
  • Published : 2013.07.01

Abstract

A 69-year-old female Korean patient was initially prescribed warfarin for the prevention of systemic thromboembolism due to atrial fibrillation. One month later, multiple bruises and subcutaneous hematomas were evident, and laboratory testing revealed a prolonged prothrombin time (PT) of > 106s. After admission, the PT was corrected via fresh frozen plasma transfusion and intravenous vitamin K infusion. We sought to determine the cause of the PT prolongation, suspecting that genetic cause may have had an effect on the variation in the warfarin dose requirement. A point-of-care gene test device (Verigene$^{(R)}$ system; Nanosphere, Northbrook, IL) revealed CYP2C9 *1/*3 heterozygosity and a VKORC1 A/A single nucleotide polymorphism. Although it is well established that CYP2C9 or VKORC1 gene polymorphisms can influence warfarin dose requirements, they can be easily neglected, with detrimental outcomes. Through our experience with CYP2C9 and VKORC1 polymorphism causing bleeding complications during warfarin treatment, we aim to emphasize the importance of pharmacogenetic testing to avoid this potential oversight.

현재 가장 널리 사용되는 항응고제인 warfarin은 적정 수준 도달에 있어 필요한 요구량이 다양한 외부인자들에 의해 영향을 받게 되는데 그 중 CYP2C9와 VKORC1 유전자의 변이는 과도한 항응고의 위험성과 관련이 있는 것으로 알려져 있다. 심방세동 및 류마티스성 판막질환으로 warfarin을 복용 중이던 69세 여자 환자가 다발성 타박상과 혈종을 주소로 응급실로 내원하였으며 PT가 106초 이상으로 연장되어 있었던 것 외에 출혈을 유발할만한 다른 검사실 소견의 이상은 없었다. 저자들은 과도한 PT연장의 원인으로 CYP2C9와 VKORC1 유전자 변이의 가능성을 고려하여 검사를 시행하였으며 CYP2C9 *1/*3 이형접합체와 VKORC1 A/A 단일 염기 다형성 양성으로 나타났다. 다발성 타박상과 혈종은 PT 교정 후 호전되었으며 환자는 유전자 검사 결과를 토대로 적절한 용량의 warfarin을 처방받은 후 퇴원할 수 있었다. 저자들은 연구 목적이 아닌 실제 warfarin을 복용하던 중 합병증으로 피부 밑 출혈이 발생한 환자에게서 유전자 검사용 POC device를 이용하여 손쉽게 CYP2C9와 VKORC1 유전자의 출혈성 조합을 확인하였기에 이를 관련 문헌고찰과 함께 보고하는 바이다.

Keywords

References

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