Parasites, Hosts and Diseases

The Korea Society for Parasitology and Tropical Medicine (대한기생충학·열대의학회)
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Histopathological Changes in Tissues of Bithynia siamensis goniomphalos Incubated in Crude Extracts of Camellia Seed and Mangosteen Pericarp

  • Aukkanimart, Ratchadawan (Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University) ;
  • Boonmars, Thidarut (Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University) ;
  • Pinlaor, Somchai (Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University) ;
  • Tesana, Smarn (Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University) ;
  • Aunpromma, Surasit (Liver Fluke and Cholangiocarcinoma Research Center, Khon Kaen University) ;
  • Booyarat, Chantana (Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Khon Kaen University) ;
  • Sriraj, Pranee (Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University) ;
  • Laummaunwai, Porntip (Liver Fluke and Cholangiocarcinoma Research Center, Khon Kaen University) ;
  • Punjaruk, Wiyada (Faculty of Physiology, Khon Kaen University)
  • Received : 2013.03.11
  • Accepted : 2013.08.21
  • Published : 2013.10.31
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Abstract

The present study was performed to observe histopathological changes in tissues of Bithynia siamensis goniomphalos (Gastropoda, Bithyniidae) incubated in crude extract solutions of camellia (Camellia oleifera) seed and mangosteen (Garcinia mangostana) pericarp, and furthermore to estimate the molluscicidal effects of 2 plant substances. Substantial numbers of bithyniid snails were incubated in various concentrations of 2 plant solution for 24 hr. As the positive control, snails incubated in various concentrations of niclosamide, a chemical molluscicide, were used. The histopathological findings were observed in sectioned snail specimens of each experimental and control groups. The results showed that both camellia and mangosteen extracts had molluscicidal effects at 24 hr with 50% lethal concentration ($LC_{50}$) at concentrations of 0.003 and 0.002 g/ml, respectively, while niclosamide had $LC_{50}$ at concentrations 0.599 ppm. B. siamensis goniomphalos snail tissues (foot, gill, and digestive system) showed disruption of columnar muscle fibers of the foot, reduction of the length and number of gill cilia, numerous mucous vacuoles, and irregularly shaped of epithelial cells. Irregular apical and calciferous cells, dilatation of the digestive gland tubule, and large hemolymphatic spaces, and irregular apical surfaces, detachment of cilia, and enlargement of lysosomal vacuoles of epidermis were also shown in all groups. By the present study, it is confirmed that 2 plants, camellia and mangosteen, are keeping some substance having molluscicidal effects, and histopathological findings obtained in this study will provide some clues in further studies on their action mechanisms to use them as natural molluscicides.

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References

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