Korean Journal of Ecology and Environment (생태와환경)

The Korean Society of Limnology (한국수생태학회)
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Phytoplankton Community Change of Lake Paldang by Increasing $CO_2$ and Temperature during Spring Cold Water Season

$CO_2$와 수온 증가에 대한 봄철 저수온기 팔당호 식물플랑크톤군집 변화

  • Lee, Ka-Ram (Department of Environmental Science, Konkuk University) ;
  • Sung, Eun-Ju (Department of Environmental Science, Konkuk University) ;
  • Park, Hye-Jin (Department of Environmental Science, Konkuk University) ;
  • Park, Chae-Hong (Department of Environmental Science, Konkuk University) ;
  • Park, Myung-Hwan (Department of Environmental Science, Konkuk University) ;
  • Hwang, Soon-Jin (Department of Environmental Science, Konkuk University)
  • Received : 2013.05.13
  • Accepted : 2013.12.28
  • Published : 2013.12.31
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Abstract

This study investigated the influence of temperature and $CO_2$ increase on phytoplankton growth and community structure during cold water season (spring) in Lake Paldang, Korea. Four experimental treatments of temperature and $CO_2$ manipulation were prepared in the laboratory batch culture: (1) Control; ambient low temperature ($6{\pm}2^{\circ}C$) and low $CO_2$ (air level, $400mgL^{-1}$), (2) T1; low temperature and high $CO_2$ ($800mgL^{-1}$), (3) T2; high temperature ($20{\pm}2^{\circ}C$) and low $CO_2$, (4) T3; high temperature and high $CO_2$. Algal growth experiment was carried out for 10 days under the light intensity of $70{\mu}mol\;m^{-2}s^{-1}$ (L :D=24 : 0). The level of pH decreased in both T1 and T3, due to dissolution of added $CO_2$. The dominant phytoplankton species of ambient water, Cyclotella meneghiniana succeeded to Fragilaria capucina var. gracilis in high-temperature treatment groups (T2 and T3). Cyanobacteria were very rare at the beginning of the experiment, while Oscillatoria limnetica appeared in only high-temperature groups (T2 and T3) at $6{\sim}7^{th}$ day. $CO_2$ addition in ambient temperature (T1) induced the highest phytoplankton growth, and thereby producing the highest average cell density of $3.27{\pm}0.33\;10^4\;cells\;mL^{-1}$, followed by T2 ($2.65{\pm}0.26\;10^4\;cells\;mL^{-1}$), T3 ($2.09{\pm}0.16\;10^4\;cells\;mL^{-1}$), and Control ($1.86{\pm}0.13\;10^4\;cells\;mL^{-1}$) (F=7.167, p=0.000). In summary, temperature increase changed the phytoplankton community structure and $CO_2$ increase promoted the phytoplankton growth during the cold spring season in Lake Paldang, suggesting a potential effect of climate change on freshwater phytoplankton.

본 연구에서는 봄철 저수온기 팔당호 수역의 식물플랑크톤을 이용하여 수온과 $CO_2$ 증가가 식물플랑크톤 군집에 미치는 영향을 분석하였다. 2012년 3월 팔당호 경안천하류 광동교 부근의 현장수를 이용하여 수온증가와 $CO_2$ 농도증가를 네 가지 실험군, (1) Control; 저온(현장수온)과 저농도(공기중) $CO_2$ ($6{\pm}2^{\circ}C$, 400 ppm), (2) T1; 저온과 고농도 $CO_2$ ($6{\pm}2^{\circ}C$, 800 ppm), (3) T2; 고온과 저농도 $CO_2$ ($20{\pm}2^{\circ}C$, 400 ppm), (4) T3; 고온과 고농도 $CO_2$ ($20{\pm}2^{\circ}C$, 800 ppm)으로 하여 각각 실험하였다. 가장 높은 조류성장을 보인 실험군은 T1으로 현장 온도조건에 적응한 조류 군집에 $CO_2$를 첨가한 결과이다. 현장수의 주요 우점종은 Cyclotella meneghiniana로 나타났고, 시간이 진행됨에 따라 고온 실험군(T2, T3)에서는 중심돌말류 Cyclotella meneghiniana에서 깃돌말류 Fragilaria capucina var. gracilis로 우점종의 천이가 나타났다. 모든 실험군에서 규조류가 우점하였고, 고온 실험군 T2, T3에서 배양 후반기에 남조류가 출현하였다. 결론적으로, 저수온기 수온증가는 팔당호 식물플랑크톤 군집구조 변화에 영향을 주었으며, $CO_2$ 농도 증가는 식물플랑크톤의 성장을 촉진시켰다. 본 연구의 결과는 기후변화에 따라 담수생태계의 식물플랑크톤의 성장과 군집변화의 잠재성을 보여주었으며, 앞으로 보다 심도 있는 연구의 필요성을 제기하였다.

Keywords

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