DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

이어도 해양과학기지 PM2.5의 이온과 탄소 조성 특성

Ionic Compositions and Carbonaceous Matter of PM2.5 at Ieodo Ocean Research Station

  • 한지현 (고려대학교 이과대학 지구환경과학과) ;
  • 김자한 (고려대학교 이과대학 지구환경과학과) ;
  • 강은하 (수원시정연구원) ;
  • 이미혜 (고려대학교 이과대학 지구환경과학과) ;
  • 심재설 (한국해양과학기술원)
  • Han, Jihyun (Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Korea University) ;
  • Kim, Jahan (Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Korea University) ;
  • Kang, Eunha (Suwon Research Institute) ;
  • Lee, Meehye (Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Korea University) ;
  • Shim, Jae-Seol (Korea Institute of Ocean Science and Technology)
  • 투고 : 2013.03.09
  • 심사 : 2013.09.15
  • 발행 : 2013.12.31

초록

The purpose of this study is to determine concentrations and compositions of $PM_{2.5}$ and their characteristic variations at Ieodo Ocean Research Station in the East China Sea and to examine the influence of air pollutants transported from Asia continents. $O_3$ and meteorological parameters were measured since June 2003 and $PM_{2.5}$ filter samples were collected from June 2004 to June 2008. In total, 244 samples were analyzed for water soluble ions and carbonaceous compounds. The mean mass concentration of $PM_{2.5}$ and $O_3$ were $21.8{\pm}14.9{\mu}g/m^3$ and $51.6{\pm}16.1$ ppb, respectively. The average concentrations (mass fractions) of sulfate and ammonium were $6.26{\mu}g/m^3$ (28.74%) and $1.59{\mu}g/m^3$ (7.31%), respectively. Nitrate was considered to be lost through evaporation due to long stay at the station. The mean concentrations of EC and OC were $1.01{\mu}g/m^3$ and $2.34{\mu}g/m^3$, respectively, from June 2006 to June 2008. The average OC/EC ratio was 2.31. The organic matter converted from OC by multiplying 2.1 and elemental carbon constituted 22.60% and 4.66% of $PM_{2.5}$ mass, respectively.

키워드

참고문헌

  1. Charlson, R.J., J.H. Seinfeld, A. Nenes, M. Kulmala, A. Laaksonen, and M.C. Facchini (2001) Atmospheric science-Reshaping the theory of cloud formation, Science, 292(5524), 2025-2026. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1060096
  2. Chow, J.C., J.G. Watson, L.C. Pritchett, W.R. Pierson, C.A. Frazier, and R.G. Purcell (1993) The Dri Thermal Optical Reflectance Carbon Analysis System-Description, Evaluation and Applications in United-States Air-Quality Studies, Atmos. Environ. Part A. General Topics, 27(8), 1185-1201. https://doi.org/10.1016/0960-1686(93)90245-T
  3. Clarke, A., C. McNaughton, V. Kapustin, Y. Shinozuka, S. Howell, J. Dibb, J. Zhou, B. Anderson, V. Brekhovskikh, H. Turner, and M. Pinkerton (2007) Biomass burning and pollution aerosol over North America: Organic components and their influence on spectral optical properties and humidification response, J. Geophys. Res., 112(D12), D12S18.
  4. Han, J., B. Bahng, M. Lee, S.-C. Yoon, S.-W. Kim, L. Chang, and K.-S. Kang (2013) Semi-continuous Measurements of $PM_{2.5}$ OC and EC at Gosan: Seasonal Variations and Characteristics of High-concentration Episodes, J. Korean Soc. Atmos. Environ., 29(3), 237-250. (in Korean with English abstract) https://doi.org/10.5572/KOSAE.2013.29.3.237
  5. He, Z., Y.J. Kim, K.O. Ogunjobi, J.E. Kim, and S.Y. Ryu (2004) Carbonaceous aerosol characteristics of $PM_{2.5}$ particles in north eastern Asian summer 2002, Atmos. Environ., 38(12), 1795-1800. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2003.12.023
  6. Holler, R., S. Tohno, M. Kasahara, and R. Hitzenberger (2002) Long-term characterization of carbonaceous aerosol in Uji, Japan, Atmos. Environ., 36(8), 1267-1275. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1352-2310(01)00558-1
  7. Hwang, G., M. Lee, B. Shin, G. Lee, J. Lee, and J. Shim (2008a) Mass Concentration and Ionic Composition of $PM_{2.5}$ Observed at Ieodo Ocean Research Station, J. Korean Soc. Atmos. Environ., 24(5), 501-511. (in Korean with English abstract) https://doi.org/10.5572/KOSAE.2008.24.5.501
  8. Hwang, I., D.-S. Kim, and P.K. Hopke (2008b) Estimation of Source Apportionment of Ambient $PM_{2.5}$ at Western Coastal IMPROVE Site in USA, J. Korean Soc. Atmos. Environ., 24, 30-42. (in Korean with English abstract) https://doi.org/10.5572/KOSAE.2008.24.1.030
  9. Kim, E. and P.K. Hopke (2004) Comparison between Conditional Probability Function and Nonparametric Regression for Fine Particle Source Directions, Atmos. Environ., 38, 4667-4673. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2004.05.035
  10. Kim, Y.P., J.H. Lee, N.J. Baik, J.Y. Kim, S.G. Shim, and C.H. Kang (1998) Summertime characteristics of aerosol composition at Cheju Island, Korea, Atmos. Environ., 32(22), 3905-3915. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1352-2310(98)00108-3
  11. Kim, Y.P., K.C. Moon, J.H. Lee, and N.J. Baik (1999) Concentrations of carbonaceous species in particles at Seoul and Cheju in Korea, Atmos. Environ., 33(17), 2751-2758. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1352-2310(98)00313-6
  12. Kim, Y.P., K.C. Moon, and J.H. Lee (2000) Organic and elemental carbon in fine particles at Kosan, Korea, Atmos. Environ., 34(20), 3309-3317. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1352-2310(99)00445-8
  13. Laskin, A., M.J. Iedema, A. Ichkovich, E.R. Graber, I. Taraniuk, and Y. Rudich (2005) Direct observation of completely processed calcium carbonate dust particles, Faraday Discuss., 130, 453-468. https://doi.org/10.1039/b417366j
  14. Lee, B. (2012) Variation of ionic and carbonaceous species in PM10, $PM_{2.5}$, PM1 at Gosan superstation during 2007-2010, Master's Thesis, Korea University, South Korea. (in Korean with English abstract)
  15. Lee, C., A. Richter, P.B. John, and J.K. Young (2008) Satellite (SCIAMACHY) Measurements of Tropospheric $SO_2$ and $NO_2$: Seasonal Trends of $SO_2$ and $NO_2$ Levels over Northeast Asia in 2006, J. Korean Soc. Atmos. Environ., 24(2), 176-188. (in Korean with English abstract) https://doi.org/10.5572/KOSAE.2008.24.2.176
  16. Lee, M., M. Song, K.J. Moon, J.S. Han, G. Lee, and K.-R. Kim (2007) Origins and chemical characteristics of fine aerosols during the northeastern Asia regional experiment (Atmospheric Brown Cloud-East Asia Regional Experiment 2005), J. Geophys. Res., 112(D22), D22S29.
  17. Lim, S. (2009) Source Signature of Ions and Carbonaceous Compounds in Submicron and Supermicron Aerosols at Cosan-super site, Jeju, South Korea, Master's Thesis, Korea University, South Korea. (in Korean with English abstract)
  18. Lu, Z., Q. Zhang, and D.G. Streets (2011) Sulfur dioxide and primary carbonaceous aerosol emissions in China and India, 1996-2010, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 11, 9839-9864. https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-11-9839-2011
  19. Moon, I.-J., J.-S. Shim, D.Y. Lee, J.H. Lee, I.-K. Min, and K. C. Lim (2010), Typhoon Researches Using the Ieodo Ocean Research Station: Part 1. Importance and Present Status of Typhoon Observation, Atmosphere, 20, 247-260. (in Korean with English abstract)
  20. Niemi, J.V., H. Tervahattu, H. Vehkamaki, J. Martikainen, L. Laakso, M. Kulmala, P. Aarnio, T. Koskentalo, M. Sillanpaa, and U. Makkonen (2005) Characterization of aerosol particle episodes in Finland caused by wildfires in Eastern Europe, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 5, 2299-2310. https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-5-2299-2005
  21. Park, S.S., Y.J. Kim, and K. Fung (2001) Characteristics of $PM_{2.5}$ carbonaceous aerosol in the Sihwa industrial area, South Korea, Atmos. Environ., 35(4), 657-665. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1352-2310(00)00357-5
  22. Park, S.S., Y.J. Kim, and K. Fung (2002) $PM_{2.5}$ carbon measurements in two urban areas: Seoul and Kwangju, Korea, Atmos. Environ., 36(8), 1287-1297. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1352-2310(01)00552-0
  23. Quinn, P.K., T.S. Bates, T. Baynard, A.D. Clarke, T.B. Onasch, W. Wang, M.J. Rood, E. Andrews, J. Allan, C.M. Carrico, D. Coffman, and D. Worsnop (2005) Impact of particulate organic matter on the relative humidity dependence of light scattering: A simplified parameterization, Geophys. Res. Lett., 32(22), 1-4.
  24. Shin, B., M. Lee, J. Lee, and J.S. Shim (2007) Seasonal and Diurnal Variations of Surface Ozone at Ieodo in the East China Sea, J. Korean Soc. Atmos. Environ., 23(6), 631-639. (in Korean with English abstract) https://doi.org/10.5572/KOSAE.2007.23.6.631
  25. Simoneit, B.R.T., M. Kobayashi, M. Mochida, K. Kawamura, M. Lee, H.J. Lim, B.J. Turpin, and Y. Komazaki (2004) Composition and major sources of organic compounds of aerosol particulate matter sampled during the ACE-Asia campaign, J. Geophys. Res., 109 (D19), D19S10 1-22. https://doi.org/10.1029/2004JD004763
  26. Streets, S.D.G., T.C. Bond, G.R. Carmichael, S.D. Fernandes, Q. Fu, D. He, Z. Klimont, S.M. Nelson, N.Y. Tsai, M.Q. Wang, J.-H. Woo, and K.F. Yarber (2003) An inventory of gaseous and primary aerosol emissions in Asia in the year 2000, J. Geophys. Res., 108(D21), GTE 30-1-GTE 30-23.
  27. Sullivan, R.C., S.A. Guazzotti, D.A. Sodeman, and K.A. Prather (2007) Direct observations of the atmospheric processing of Asian mineral dust, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 7, 1213-1236. https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-7-1213-2007
  28. Turpin, B.J. and H.J. Lim (2001) Species contributions to $PM_{2.5}$ mass concentrations: Revisiting common assumptions for estimating organic mass, Aerosol Sci. Tech., 35(1), 602-610. https://doi.org/10.1080/02786820119445

피인용 문헌

  1. Measurements of Isoprene and Monoterpenes at Mt. Taehwa and Estimation of Their Emissions vol.17, pp.3, 2015, https://doi.org/10.5532/KJAFM.2015.17.3.217
  2. Analytical methods for atmospheric particulate aerosols: Focused on the physical properties and chemical composition of metals and water soluble ionic compounds vol.28, pp.3, 2015, https://doi.org/10.5806/AST.2015.28.3.139
  3. The Water Soluble Ionic Composition of PM2.5 at 1,100 m-Highland of Mt. Hallasan on Jeju Island, Korea vol.25, pp.5, 2016, https://doi.org/10.5322/JESI.2016.25.5.727