References
- Bender, M., Boecker, W., Gornitz, V., Middel, U., Kay, R., Sun, S., and Biscaye, P. (1971) Geochemistry of three cores from the East Pacific Rise. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 12, 425-43. https://doi.org/10.1016/0012-821X(71)90028-8
- Bertine, K.K. (1974) Origin of Lau Basin Rise sediment. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 38, 629-640. https://doi.org/10.1016/0016-7037(74)90046-5
- Bertine, K.K. and Keene, J.B. (1975) Submarine barite-opal rocks of hydrothermal origin. Science, 188, 150-152. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.188.4184.150
- Bryan, S.E., Cook, A., Evans, J.P., Colls, P.W., Wells, M.G., Lawrence, M.G., Jell, J.S., Greig, A., and Leslie, R. (2004) Pumice rafting and faunal dispersion during 20012002 in the Southwest Pacific: record of a dacitic submarine explosive eruption from Tonga. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 227, 135-154. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.epsl.2004.08.009
-
Chavagnac, V., German, C.R., Milton, J.A., and Palmer, M.R. (2005) Sources of REE in sediment cores from the Rainbow vent site (
$36^{\circ}$ 14'N, MAR). Chemical Geology, 216, 329-352. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemgeo.2004.11.015 - Cho, B.C., Choi, H.S., and Koh, S. (2011) Element Dispersion and Wallrock Alteration of TA26 Seamount, Tonga Arc. Economic and Environmental Geology, 44, 359-372 (in Korean with English abstract). https://doi.org/10.9719/EEG.2011.44.5.359
- Cho, H.G., Kim, Y.H., Um, I.K., and Choi, H.S. (2012) Hydrothermal Alteration Around the TA 26 Seamounts of the Tofua Volcanic Arc in Lau Basin, Tonga. Journal of Mineral Society of Korea, 25, 233-247 (in Korean with English abstract). https://doi.org/10.9727/jmsk.2012.25.4.233
- Cronan, D.S., Hodkinson, R.A., Harkness, D.D., Moorby, S.A., and Glasby, G.P., (1986) Accumulation rates of hydrothermal metalliferous sediments in the Lau basin, S.W. Pacific. Geo-Marine Letters, 6, 51-56. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02311696
- Daessle, L.W., Cronan, D.S., Marchig, V., and Wiedicke, M. (2000) Hydrothermal sedimentation adjacent to the propagating Valu Fa Ridge, Lau Basin, SW Pacific. Marine Geology, 162, 479-500. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0025-3227(99)00065-1
- Elderfield, H., and Greaves, M.J. (1982). The rare earth elements in seawater. Nature, 296, 214-219. https://doi.org/10.1038/296214a0
- Edmond, J., von Damm, K.L., McDuff, R.E., and Measures, C.I. (1982) Chemistry of hot springs on the East Pacific Rise and their effluent dispersal. Nature, 297, 187-191. https://doi.org/10.1038/297187a0
- Fouquet, Y., von Stackerlberg, U., Charlou, J.L., Erzinger, J., Herzig, P.M., Muhe, R., and Wiedicke, M. (1993) Metallogenesis in Back-Arc Environments: The Lau Basin Example. Economic Geology, 88, 2154-2181. https://doi.org/10.2113/gsecongeo.88.8.2154
-
German, C.R., Edmond, J.M., Palmer, M.R., and Edmond, J.M. (1999) Geochemistry of a hydrothermal sediment core from the OBS vent-field,
$21^{\circ}$ N East Pacific Rise. Chemical Geology, 155, 65-75. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0009-2541(98)00141-7 - German, C.R., Klinkhammer, G.P., Edmond, J.M., Mitra, A., and Elderfield, H. (1990) Hydrothrmal scavenging of rare-earth elements in the ocean. Nature, 345, 516-518. https://doi.org/10.1038/345516a0
- Guilbert, J.M. and Park, C.F. Jr. (1986) The Geology of Ore Deposits (2nd ed.). W.H. Freeman and Co., 985p.
- Hawkins, J.W. and Helu, S. (1986) Polymetallic suphide deposit from "black smoker" chimney: Lau Basin. EOS, 67: 378.
- Hekinian, Rr., Muhe, R., Worthington, T.J., and Stoffers, P. (2008) Geology of a submarine volcanic caldera in the Tonga Arc: Dive results. Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, 176, 571-582. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2008.05.007
- Hodkinson, R.A. and Cronan, D.S. (1991) Geochemistry of recent hydrothermal sediments in relation to tectonic environment in the Lau Basin, southwest Pacific. Marine Geology, 98, 353-366. https://doi.org/10.1016/0025-3227(91)90110-P
- Hunkins, K. and Kuo, T. (1965) Surface wave dispersion in the Tonga-Fiji region. Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, 55, 135-145.
- Karig, D.E. (1971) Origin and development of marginal basins in the western Pacific. Journal of Geophysical Research, 76, 2542-2561. https://doi.org/10.1029/JB076i011p02542
- Kerrich, R. and Said, N. (2011) Extreme positive Ce anomalies in a 3.0 Ga submarine volcanic sequence, Murchison Province: Oxygenated marine bottom waters. Chemical Geology, 280, 232-241. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemgeo.2010.11.012
- Kim, C.H. and Park, C.H. (2011). Deep Sea Three Components Magnetometer Survey using ROV. Jigu-Mulli-wa-Mulli-Tamsa, 14, 298-304 (in Korean with English abstract).
- Kim, H.S., Jung, M., Kim, C.H., Kim, J., and Lee, K. (2008). The Exploration Methodology of Seafloor Massive Sulfide Deposit by Use of Marine Geophysical Investigation. Mulli-Tamsa, 11, 167-176 (in Korean with English abstract).
- Klinkhammer, G.P., Elderfield, H., Edmond, J.M., and Mitra, A. (1994) Geochemical implications of rare earth element patterns in hydrothermal fluids from mid-ocean ridges. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 58, 5105-5113. https://doi.org/10.1016/0016-7037(94)90297-6
- Klinkhammer, G.P., Elderfield, H., and Hudson, A. (1983) Rare earth elements in seawater near hydrothermal vents. Nature, 305, 185-188. https://doi.org/10.1038/305185a0
- Koski, R.A., Jonasson, I.R., Kadko, D.C., Smith, V.K., and Wong, F.L. (1994) Compositions, growth mechanisms, and temporal relations of hydrothermal sulfidesulfatesilica chimneys at the northern Cleft segment, Juan de Fuca Ridge. Journal of Geophysical Research, 99, 4813-4832. https://doi.org/10.1029/93JB02871
- Krasnov, s.g., Cherkashev, G.A., Stepanova, T.V., Batuyev, B.N., Krotov, A.G., Malin, B.V., Maslov, M. N., Markov, V.F., Poroshina, I.M., Samovarov, M.S., Ashadze, A.M., Lazareva, L.I., and Ermolayev, I.K. (1995) Detailed geological studies of hydrothermal fields in the North Atlantic. In: Parson, L.M., Walker, C.L., and Dixon, D.R. (ED), Hydrothermal Vents and Processes. The Geological Society, London, 56p.
- Lee, S. and Lee, S.K. (2010) The Prototype Study of Resistivity and Porosity Measurement for the Samples Collected Near Marine Hydrothermal Deposit. Jigu-Mulli-wa-Mulli-Tamsa, 13, 378-387 (in Korean with English abstract).
- Martinez, F., Taylor, B., Baker, E.T., Resing, J.A., and Walker, S.L. (2006) Opposing trends in crustal thickness and spreading rate along the back-arc Eastern Lau Spreading Center: Implications for controls on ridge morphology, faulting, and hydrothermal activity. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 245, 655-672. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.epsl.2006.03.049
- MacRae, N.D., Nesbitt, H.W., and Kronberg, B.I. (1992) Development of a positive Eu anomaly during diagenesis. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 109, 585-591. https://doi.org/10.1016/0012-821X(92)90116-D
- Moorby, S.A., Cronan, D.S.,. and Glasby, G.P. (1984) Geochemistry of hydrothermal Mn-oxide deposits from the S.W. Pacific island arc. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 48, 433-441. https://doi.org/10.1016/0016-7037(84)90272-2
- Murray, R.W., Brink, M.R.B., Brumsack, H.J., Gerlach, D.C., and Russ, G.P. (1991) Rare earth elements in Japan Sea sediments and diagenetic behavior of Ce/Ce*: Results from ODP Leg 127. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 55, 2453-2466. https://doi.org/10.1016/0016-7037(91)90365-C
- Paropkari, A.L., Ray, D., Balaram, V., Prakash, L.S., Mirza, I.H., Satyanarayana, M., Rao, T.G., and Kaisary, S. (2010) Formation of hydrothermal deposits at Kings Triple Juction, northern Lau backarc basin, SW Pacific: The geochemical perspectives. Journal of Asian Earth Sciences, 38, 121-130. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jseaes.2009.12.003
- Parsapoor, A., Khalili, M., and Mackizadeh, M.A. (2009) The behaviour of trace and rare earth elements (REE) during hydrothermal alteration in the Rangan area (Central Iran). Journal of Asian Earth Sciences, 34, 123-134. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jseaes.2008.04.005
- Parson, L.M., Pearce, J.A., Murton, B.J., and Hodkinson, R.A. (1990) Role of ridge jumps and ridge propagation in the tectonic evolution of the Lau back-arc Basin, SW Pacific. Geology, 18, 470-473. https://doi.org/10.1130/0091-7613(1990)018<0470:RORJAR>2.3.CO;2
- Pattan, J.N., Rao, Ch.M., Higgs, N.C., Colley, S., and Parthiban, G. (1995) Distribution of major, trace and rare-earth elements in surface sediments of the Wharton Basin, Indian Ocean. Chemical Geology, 121, 201215.
- Piper, D.Z. (1974) Rare earth elements in the sedimentary cycle: A summary, Chemical Geology, 14, 285-304. https://doi.org/10.1016/0009-2541(74)90066-7
- Podowski, E.L., Moor, T.S., Zelnio, K.A>, Luther III, G.W., and Fisher, C.R. (2009) Distribution of diffuse flow megafauna in two sites on the Eastern Lau Spreading Center, Tonga. Deep-Sea Research I, 56, 2041-2056. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dsr.2009.07.002
- Smith, M.P., Henderson, P., and Campbell, L.S. (2000) Fractionation of the REE during hydrothermal processes:Constraints from the Bayan Obo Fe-REE-Nb deposit, Inner Mongolia, China. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 64, 3141-3160. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0016-7037(00)00416-6
- Song Y.H., and Choi, M.S. (2009) REE geochemistry of fine-grained sediments from major rivers around the Yellow Sea. Chemical Geology, 266, 328-342. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemgeo.2009.06.019
- Stoffers, P., Worthinton, T.J., Schwarz-Schampera, U., Hannington, M., Hekinian, R., Schmidt, M., Lundsten, L.J., Evans, L.J., Vaiomounga, R., and Kerby, T. (2006) Submarine volcanoes and high-temper ature hydrothermal venting on the Tonga arc, southwest Pacific. Geology, 34, 453-456. https://doi.org/10.1130/G22227.1
- Taylor, S.R., and McLennan, S.M. (1995) The geochemical evolution of the continental crust. Reviews of Geophysics, 33, 241-265. https://doi.org/10.1029/95RG00262
- Usai, A., and Someya, M. (1997) Distribution and composition of marine hydrogenetic and hydrothermal manganese deposits in the north-west Pacific. In: Nicholson, K., Hein, J.R., Buhn, B., and Dasgupta, S. (Eds.), Manganese Mineralization: Geochemistry and Mineralogy of Terrestrial and Marine Deposits, Geological Society of London, vol. 119. Special Publication, pp. 177-198.
- Vitali, F., Blanc, G., Toulkeridis, T., and Stille, P. (2000) Silicate diagenesis in deep-sea sediments from Tonga forearc (SW Pacific): a strontium and Rare Earth Elements signature. Oceanogaphy Acta, 23, 281-396. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0399-1784(00)00129-8
- Zellmer, K.E. and Taylor, B. (2001) A three-plate kinematic model for Lau Basin opening, Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems, Paper number 2000GC000 106.
Cited by
- 통가열도 TA 25 해저산의 열수변질 vol.27, pp.4, 2013, https://doi.org/10.9727/jmsk.2014.27.4.169