Journal of Animal Environmental Science (한국축산시설환경학회지)

The Korean Society of Animal Environmental Science & Technology (한국축산환경학회)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

The Comparison of Concentration of Volatile Fatty Acids, Ammonia, and Volatile Organic Compounds in Pig Slurry

돈사 종류별 슬러리의 악취물질 농도 비교

  • 조성백 (농촌진흥청 국립축산과학원) ;
  • 양승학 (농촌진흥청 국립축산과학원) ;
  • 이준엽 (농촌진흥청 국립축산과학원) ;
  • 김중곤 (농촌진흥청 국립축산과학원) ;
  • 전중환 (농촌진흥청 국립축산과학원) ;
  • 한만희 (농촌진흥청 국립축산과학원) ;
  • 한덕우 (농촌진흥청 국립축산과학원) ;
  • 정광화 (농촌진흥청 국립축산과학원) ;
  • 곽정훈 (농촌진흥청 국립축산과학원) ;
  • 최동윤 (농촌진흥청 국립축산과학원) ;
  • 황옥화 (농촌진흥청 국립축산과학원)
  • Received : 2013.08.28
  • Accepted : 2013.09.24
  • Published : 2013.09.30
Download PDF
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

This study was performed to analyse the concentration of odorous compounds in the piggeries. Piggeries for different types of pigs include piglets, growing pigs, gestating and lactating sows. Slurry from these piggeries was sampled every month for chemical analysis. Short chain fatty acid (SCFA) was 9,862 ppm (piglet), 8,410 ppm (growing pigs), 6,791 ppm (fattening pigs), 3,508 ppm (lactating sows) and 1,687 ppm (gestating sows). Branched chain fatty acid (BCFA) was 1,634 ppm (piglet), 1,206 ppm (growing pigs), 868 ppm (fattening pigs), 493 ppm (lactating sows) and 185 ppm (gestating sows). Concentration of phenols was 209 ppm (piglet), 166 ppm (growing pigs), 127 ppm (fattening pigs), 85 ppm (lactating sows) and 36 ppm (gestating sows). Indoles was 18 ppm (piglet), 14 ppm (growing pigs), 8 ppm (fattening pigs), 6 ppm (lactating sows) and 4 ppm (gestating sows). Altogether, concentration of odorous compounds was decreased as pigs got aged.

Keywords

References

  1. Arogo, J., Westerman, P.W., Heber, A.J., 2003. A review of ammonium emissions from confined swine feeding operations. Trans. ASAE 46, 805-817.
  2. Bakke, O.M., 1969. Urinary simple phenols in rats fed diets containing different amounts of casein and 10% tyrosine. J. Nut. 98, 217-221. https://doi.org/10.1093/jn/98.2.217
  3. Beard, W.L., Guenzi, W.D., 1983. Volatile sulfur compounds from a redoxcontroleed-cattle-manure slurry. J. Environ. Qual. 12, 113-116.
  4. Conn, K.L., Tenuta, M., Lazarovits, G., 2005. Liquid swine manure can kill Verticillium dahliae microsclerotia in soil by volatile fatty acid, nitrous acid, and ammonia toxicity. Phytopathology. 95, 28-35. https://doi.org/10.1094/PHYTO-95-0028
  5. Conn, K.L., Topp, E., Lazarovits, G., 2007. Factors influencing the concentration of volatile fatty acids, ammonia and other nutrients in stored liquid pig manure. J. Environ. qual. 36, 440-447. https://doi.org/10.2134/jeq2006.0222
  6. Cooper, P., Cornforth, I.S., 1978. Volatile fatty acids in stored animal slurry. J. Sci. of Food and Agric. 29, 19-27. https://doi.org/10.1002/jsfa.2740290104
  7. Duncan, D.B., 1955. Multiple range and multiple F test. Biometrics. 11, 1-42. https://doi.org/10.2307/3001478
  8. Gibson, G.R., Roberfroid, M.B., 1995. Dietary modulation of the human colonic microbiota: introducing the concept of prebiotics. J. Nutr. 125, 1401-1412.
  9. Goa, Y., Rideout, T., Lackeyram, D., Archbold, T., Fan, M.Z., Squires, E.J., Duns C.F.M. de Lange, G., Smith, T.K., 1999. Manipulation of hindgut fermentation to reduce the excretion of selected odorcausing compounds in pigs. In: Proceedings of Canadian Pork Council: Symposium of The Hog Environmental Management Strategy, Ontario, Canada, 24-29.
  10. Hobbs, J.P., Brian, F.P., Roger, M.K., Lee, P.A., 1996. Reduction of odorous compounds in fresh pig slurry by dietary control of crude protein. J. Sci. of Food and Agric. 74, 508-514.
  11. Jensen, M.T., Cox, R.P., Jensen, B.B., 1995. 3-Methylindole (skatole) and indole production by mixed populations of pig fecal bacteria. Appl. and Environ. Microbiol. 61(8), 3180-3184.
  12. Kim, J.H., Yoo, K.S., Oh, J.B., Jung, J.Y., 2012. Study on the characteristics of odor emitted from swine facilities. J. KSEA. 439-444. https://doi.org/10.4491/KSEE.2012.34.7.439
  13. Knarreborg, A., Beck, J., Jensen, M.T., Laue, A., Agergaard, N., Jensen, B.B., 2002. Effects of non-starch polysaccharides on production and absorption of indolic compounds in entire male pigs. Anim. Sci. 74, 445-453. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1357729800052590
  14. Le, P.D., Aarnink, A.J.A., Ogink, N.W.M., Becker, P.M., Verstegen, M.W.A., 2005. Odour from animal production facilities: Its relationship to diet. Nutr. Res. Rev. 18, 3-30. https://doi.org/10.1079/NRR200592
  15. Mackie, R.I., Stroot, P.G., Varel, V.H., 1998. Biological identification and biological origin of key odour compounds in livestock waste. J. Ani. Sci. 76, 1331-1342. https://doi.org/10.2527/1998.7651331x
  16. National Institute of Animal Science (NIAS). 2012. Korean Feeding Standard for Swine: Nutrient Requirement of Swine. NIAS, Suwon, Korea.
  17. Otto, E.R., Yokoyama, M., Hengemuehle, S., von Bermuth, R.D., van Kempen, T., Trottier, N.L., 2003. Ammonia, volatile fatty acids, phenolics, and odor offensiveness in manure from growing pigs fed diets reduced in protein concentration. J. Anim. Sci. 81, 1754-1763. https://doi.org/10.2527/2003.8171754x
  18. Paul, J.W., Beauchamp, E.G., 1989. Relationship between volatile fatty acids, total ammonia, and pH in manure slurries. Biol. Wastes. 29, 313-318. https://doi.org/10.1016/0269-7483(89)90022-0
  19. Rasmussen, H.S., Holtug, K., Mortensen, P.B., 1988. Degradation of amino acids to short chain fatty acids in humans. an in-vitro study. Scandinavian J. Gastroenterol. 23, 178-182. https://doi.org/10.3109/00365528809103964
  20. Reid, C.A., Hillman, K., 1999. The effects of retrogradation and amylose/ amylopectin ratio of starches on carbohydrate fermentation and microbial populations in the porcine colon. Ani. Sci. 68, 503-510. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1357729800050529
  21. SAS. 1996. SAS/STAT(R) software for PC. SAS Institute Inc., Cary, NC, USA.
  22. Spoelstra, S.F., 1977. Simple phenols and indoles in anaerobically stored piggery wastes. J. Sci. of Food and Agric. 28, 415-423. https://doi.org/10.1002/jsfa.2740280504
  23. Spoelstra, S.F., 1980. Origin of objectionable odorous components in piggery wastes and the possibility of applying indicator components for studying odour development. Agric. Environ. 5, 241-260. https://doi.org/10.1016/0304-1131(80)90004-1
  24. Sutton, A.L., Kephart, K.B., Verstegen, M.W., Canh, T.T., Hobbs, P.J., 1999. Potential for reduction of odorous compounds in swine manure through diet modification. J. Anim. Sci. 77, 430-439. https://doi.org/10.2527/1999.772430x
  25. Williams, A.G., Evans, M.R., 1981. Storage of piggery slurry. Agric. Wastes. 3, 11-321.
  26. Zhu, J., Riskowski, G.L., Torremorell, M., 1999. Volatile fatty acids as odor indicators in swine manure-a critical review. Trans. ASAE. 42, 175-182. https://doi.org/10.13031/2013.13194