보건교육건강증진학회지 (Korean Journal of Health Education and Promotion)

  • 제30권5호
  • /
  • Pages.1-13
  • /
  • 2013
  • /
  • 1229-4128(pISSN)
  • /
  • 2635-5302(eISSN)
한국보건교육건강증진학회 (Korean Society for Health Education and Promotion)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

영화의 흡연 장면이 관객의 흡연 태도, 신념, 행동에 미치는 영향: 체계적 문헌고찰

The Effect of Smoking Scenes in Films on Audiences' Attitudes, Beliefs, and Behaviors on Smoking: A Systematic Review

  • 최고은 (동덕여자대학교 보건관리학과) ;
  • 조혜림 (동덕여자대학교 보건관리학과) ;
  • 윤지혜 (동덕여자대학교 보건관리학과) ;
  • 정민수 (동덕여자대학교 보건관리학과)
  • Choi, Go-Eun (Department of Health Science, Dongduk Women's University) ;
  • Cho, Hye-Lim (Department of Health Science, Dongduk Women's University) ;
  • Yoon, Ji-Hye (Department of Health Science, Dongduk Women's University) ;
  • Jung, Minsoo (Department of Health Science, Dongduk Women's University)
  • Received : 2013.08.31
  • Accepted : 2013.12.20
  • Published : 2013.12.31
PDF 다운로드
⟨ 이전 논문 다음 논문 ⟩

Abstract

Objectives: While many studies have been conducted on whether smoking scenes in films actually affect audience members' smoking, a comprehensive conclusion has yet to be derived. This study systematically reviewed the effect of smoking scenes in films on audience members' attitudes, beliefs, and actions. Methods: We analyzed a total of 146 studies searched on PubMed and PsycINFO (41 qualitative studies, 72 cross-sectional studies, 20 longitudinal studies, and 13 experimental studies). Results: Whereas qualitative studies have only demonstrated that audience members tend to perceive smoking scenes in films not as negative information but as positive information, cross-sectional studies have reported a significant association between smoking scenes and smoking behavior notwithstanding the problems of classifying the groups studied and measuring the degree of exposure. Through follow-up observations, longitudinal studies have reported that such media exposure can serve as a predictor of future smoking. Finally, with exposure and confounding variables under control, experimental studies have confirmed that smoking scenes in films indeed affect audience members' attitudes, beliefs, and actions regarding smoking. Conclusions: Scenes of actors and actresses smoking can be imitated or learned through audience members' immersion and identification and reproduce positive images that may render smoking socially acceptable.

Keywords

References

  1. Aloise-Young, P. A., Hennigan, K. M., & Graham, J. W. (1996). Role of the self-image and smoker stereotype in smoking onset during early adolescence: A longitudinal study. Health Psychology, 15(6), 494-497. https://doi.org/10.1037/0278-6133.15.6.494
  2. Anderson, C. A., & Bushman, B. J. (2002). The effects of media violence on society. Science, 295(5564), 2377-2379. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1070765
  3. Armstrong, R., Waters, E., Jackson, N., Oliver, S., Popay, J., Shepherd, J., . . . Thomas, H. (2007). Guidelines for Systematic reviews of health promotion and public health interventions. Australia: Melbourne University.
  4. Balbach, E. D., & Glantz, S. A. (1998). Tobacco control advocates must demand high-quality media campaigns: The california experience. Tobacco Control, 7(4), 397-408. https://doi.org/10.1136/tc.7.4.397
  5. Bandura, A. (1994). Social cognitive theory of mass communication In J. Bryant, & D. Zillmann (Eds.), Media effects: Advances in theory and research (pp. 61-90). Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum.
  6. Barton, J., Chassin, L., Presson, C. C., & Sherman, S. J. (1982). Social image factors as motivators of smoking initiation in early and middle adolescence. Child Development, 53(6), 1499-1511. https://doi.org/10.2307/1130077
  7. Burton, D., S. Sussman, W. B. Hansen, C. A. Johnson, & B. R. Flay. (1989). Image attributions and smoking intentions among seventh grade students. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 19(8), 656-64. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1559-1816.1989.tb00345.x
  8. Chassin, L., Presson, C. C., Sherman, S. J., Corty, E., & Olshavsky, R. W. (1981). Self-images and cigarette smoking in adolescents. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 7(4), 670-676. https://doi.org/10.1177/014616728174025
  9. Crawford, M. A. (2001). Cigarette smoking and adolescents: Messages they see and hear. Public Health Reports, 116(Suppl 1), 203-215.
  10. Cohen, J. (1992). A power primer. Psychological Bulletin, 112, 155-59. https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-2909.112.1.155
  11. Dalton, M. A., Sargent, J. D., Beach, M. L., Titus-Ernstoff, L., Gibson, J. J., Ahrens, M. B., . . . Heatherton, T. F. (2003). Effect of viewing smoking in movies on adolescent smoking initiation: A cohort study. Lancet, 362(9380), 281-285. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(03)13970-0
  12. Dalton, M. A., Tickle, J. J., Sargent, J. D., Beach, M. L., Ahrens, M. B., & Heatherton, T. F. (2002). The incidence and context of tobacco use in popular movies from 1988 to 1997. Preventive Medicine, 34(5), 516-523. https://doi.org/10.1006/pmed.2002.1013
  13. Distefan, J. M., Pierce, J. P., & Gilpin, E. A. (2004). Do favorite movie stars influence adolescent smoking initiation? American Journal of Public Health, 94(7), 1239-1244. https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.94.7.1239
  14. Distefan, J. M., Gilpin, E. A., Sargent, J. D., & Pierce, J. P. (1999). Do movie stars encourage adolescents to start smoking? Evidence from California. Preventive Medicine, 28(1), 1-11. https://doi.org/10.1006/pmed.1998.0409
  15. Dixon, H. G. (2003). Portrayal of tobacco use in popular films: An investigation of audience impact (Unpublished doctoral dissertaion). Melbourne University, Melbourne, Australia.
  16. Dixon, H. G., Hill, D. J., Borland, R., & Paxton, S. J. (2001). Public reaction to the portrayal of the tobacco industry in the film The Insider. Tobacco Control, 10(3), 285-291. https://doi.org/10.1136/tc.10.3.285
  17. Edwards, C. A., Harris, W. C., Cook, D. R., Bedford, K. F., & Zuo, Y. (2004). Out of the Smokescreen: Does an anti-smoking advertisement affect young women's perception of smoking in movies and their intention to smoke? Tobacco Control, 13, 277-282. https://doi.org/10.1136/tc.2003.005280
  18. Everett, S. A., Schnuth, R. L., & Tribble, J. L. (1998). Tobacco and alcohol use in top-grossing American films. Journal of Community Health, 23(4), 317-324. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1018727606500
  19. Gibson, B., & Maurer, J. (2000). Cigarette smoking in the movies: The influence of product placement on attitudes toward smoking and smokers. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 30(7), 1457-73. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1559-1816.2000.tb02530.x
  20. Glantz, S. A., Kacirk, K. W., & McCulloch, C. (2004). Back to the future: Smoking in movies in 2002 compared with 1950 levels. American Journal of Public Health, 94(2), 261-263. https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.94.2.261
  21. Goldberg, M. E., & Baumgartner, H. (2002). Cross-country attraction as a motivation for product consumption. Journal of Business Research, 55(11), 901-906. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0148-2963(01)00209-0
  22. Goldberg, M. E. (2003). American media and the smoking-related behaviors of Asian adolescents. Journal of Advertising Research, 43(1), 2-11.
  23. Groesz, L. M., M. P. Levine, & Murnen, S. K. (2002). The effect of experimental presentation of thin media images on body satisfaction: A meta-analytic review. International Journal of Eating Disorders, 31(1), 1-16. https://doi.org/10.1002/eat.10005
  24. Grube, J. W., Weir, I. L., & Getzlaf, S. (1984). Own value system, value images, and cigarette smoking. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 10, 306-313. https://doi.org/10.1177/0146167284102018
  25. Hazan, A. R., Lipton, H. L., & Glantz, S. A. (1994). Popular films do not reflect current tobacco use. American Journal of Public Health, 84(6), 998-1000. https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.84.6.998
  26. Hines, D., Saris, R. N., & Throckmorton-Belzer, L. (2000). Cigarette smoking in popular films: Does it increase viewers' likelihood to smoke? Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 30(11), 2246-2269. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1559-1816.2000.tb02435.x
  27. Jones, B., & Carroll, M. (1998). The effect of a video character's smoking status on young females' perceptions of social characteristics. Adolescence, 33(131), 657-667.
  28. Jung, M., & Chung, D. (2013). Evidence of social contextual effects on adolescent smoking in South Korea. Asia-Pacific Journal of Public Health, 25(3), 260-270. https://doi.org/10.1177/1010539512461667
  29. Kim, Y. K. (2012). Association between exposure to smoking scenes in movies and smoking behavior among Korean young adults (Master's Thesis). Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea.
  30. MacFadyen, L., Amos, A., Hastings, G., & Parkes, E. (2003). “They look like my kind of people” Perceptions of smoking images in youth magazines. Social Science and Medicine, 56(3), 491-499. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0277-9536(02)00050-3
  31. MacKinnon, L., & Owen, L. (1998). Smoking in films: A review. London, England: University of North London and Health Education Authority.
  32. McCool, J. P., Cameron, L. D., & Petrie, K. J. (2001). Adolescent perceptions of smoking imagery in film. Social Science and Medicine, 52(10), 1577–1587. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0277-9536(00)00270-7
  33. McCool, J. P., Cameron, L. D., & Petrie, K. J. (2003). Interpretations of smoking in film by older teenagers. Social Science and Medicine, 56(5), 1023–1032. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0277-9536(02)00096-5
  34. McCool, J. P., Cameron, L. D., & Petrie, K. J. (2005). The influence of smoking imagery on the smoking intentions of young people: Testing a media interpretation model. Journal of Adolescent Health, 36(6), 475–485. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jadohealth.2004.03.006
  35. McGuire, W. J. (1985). Attitudes and attitude change. In G. Lindzey, & E. Aronson (Eds.), Handbook of social psychology (Vol 2, pp. 233-346). New York, NY: Random House.
  36. Nichter, M., Nichter, M., & Van Sickle, D. (2004). Popular perceptions of tobacco products and patterns of use among male college students in India. Social Science and Medicine, 59(2), 415-431. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.socscimed.2003.10.032
  37. Ng, C., & Dakake, B. (2002). Tobacco at the movies: Tobacco use in PG-13 films. Retrieved from http://static.masspirg.org/reports/TobaccoattheMovies.pdf
  38. O'Keefe, A. M., & Pollay, R. W. (1996). Deadly targeting of women in promoting cigarettes. Journal of the American Medical Women's Association, 51(1-2), 67-69.
  39. Pechmann, C., & Shih, C. F. (1999). Smoking scenes in movies and antismoking advertisements before movies: Effects on youth. Journal of Marketing, 63(3), 1-13.
  40. Petty, R. E., & Priester, J. R. (1994). Mass media attitude change: Implications of the elaboration likelihood model of persuasion. In J. Bryant, & D. Zillmann (Eds.), Media effects: Advances in theory and research (pp. 91-122). Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum.
  41. Pierce, J. P., & Gilpin, E. A. (1995). A historical analysis of tobacco marketing and the uptake of smoking by youth in the United States: 1890-1977. Health Psychology, 14(6), 500-508. https://doi.org/10.1037/0278-6133.14.6.500
  42. Pierce, J. P., Choi, W. S., Gilpin, E. A., Farkas, A. J., & Merritt, R. K. (1996). Validation of susceptibility as a predictor of which adolescents take up smoking in the United States. Health Psychology, 15(5), 355-361. https://doi.org/10.1037/0278-6133.15.5.355
  43. Plano Clark, V. L., Miller, D. L., Creswell, J. W., McVea, K., McEntarffer, R., Harter, L. M., & Mikelson, W. T. (2002). In conversation: High school students talk to students about tobacco use and prevention strategies. Qualitative Health Research, 12(9), 1264-1283. https://doi.org/10.1177/1049732302238249
  44. Polansky, J. R., & S. A. Glantz. (2004). First run smoking presentations in U.S. movies, 1999-2003. Retrieved from http://repositories.cdlib.org/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1047&co ntext=ctcre
  45. Pollay, R. W. (1993). Cigarette advertising and life (1937-1947): The history of advertising and archives. Vancouver, Canada: University of British Columbia.
  46. Roberts, D. F., Henriksen, L., & Christenson, P. G. (1999). Substance use in popular movies and music. Retrieved from http://ncadi.samhsa.gov/govstudy/mediastudy/default.aspx.
  47. Sargent, J. D., Beach, M. L., Dalton, M. A., Mott, L. A., Tickle, J. J., Ahrens, M. B., & Heatherton, T. F. (2001). Effect of seeing tobacco use in films on trying smoking among adolescents: Cross sectional study. British Medical Journal, 323(7326), 1394-1397. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.323.7326.1394
  48. Sargent, J. D., Dalton, M. A., Beach, M. L., Mott, L. A., Tickle, J. J., Ahrens, M. B., & Heatherton, T. F. (2002). Viewing tobacco use in movies: Does it shape attitudes that mediate adolescent smoking? American Journal of Preventive Medicine, 22(3), 137-145. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0749-3797(01)00434-2
  49. Sargent, J. D., Dalton, M. A., Heatherton, T., & Beach, M. (2003). Modifying exposure to smoking depicted in movies: A novel approach to preventing adolescent smoking. Archives of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, 157(7), 643-648. https://doi.org/10.1001/archpedi.157.7.643
  50. Sargent, J. D., Beach, M. L., Adachi-Mejia, A. M., Gibson, J. J., Titus-Ernstoff, L. T., Carusi, C. P., Swain, S. D., . . . Dalton, M. A. (2005). Exposure to movie smoking: Its relation to smoking initiation among US adolescents. Pediatrics, 116(5), 1183–1191. https://doi.org/10.1542/peds.2005-0714
  51. Sargent, J. D., Beach, M. L., Dalton, M. A., Ernstoff, L. T., Gibson, J. J., Tickle, J. J., & Heatherton, T. F. (2004). Effect of parental R-rated movie restriction on adolescent smoking initiation: A prospective study. Pediatrics, 114(1), 149-156. https://doi.org/10.1542/peds.114.1.149
  52. Sargent, J. D., Tickle, J. J., Beach, M. L., Dalton, M. A., Ahrens, M. B., & Heatherton, T. F. (2001). Brand appearances in contemporary cinema films and contribution to global marketing of cigarettes. Lancet, 357(9249), 29-32. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(00)03568-6
  53. Shields, D. L., Carol, J., Balbach, E. D., & McGee, S. (1999). Hollywood on tobacco: How the entertainment industry understands tobacco portrayal. Tobacco Control, 8(4), 378-386. https://doi.org/10.1136/tc.8.4.378
  54. Stockwell, T. F., & Glantz, S. A. (1997). Tobacco use is increasing in popular films. Tobacco Control, 6(4), 282-284. https://doi.org/10.1136/tc.6.4.282
  55. Swann, W. B. (1983). Self-verification: Bringing social reality into harmony with the self. In J. Suls & A. G. Greenwald (Eds.), Psychological perspectives on the self (Vol 2, pp. 33-66). Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum.
  56. Tickle, J. J., Sargent, J. D., Dalton, M. A., Beach, M. L., & Heatherton, T. F. (2001). Favourite movie stars, their tobacco use in contemporary movies, and its association with adolescent smoking. Tobacco Control, 10(1), 16-22. https://doi.org/10.1136/tc.10.1.16
  57. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. (2001). Women and smoking. A report of the Surgeon General. Rockville, MD: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, Office of the Surgeon General.
  58. Watson, N. A., Clarkson, J. P., Donovan, R. J., & Giles-Corti, B. (2003). Filthy or fashionable? Young people's perceptions of smoking in the media. Health Education Research, 18(5), 554-67. https://doi.org/10.1093/her/cyf039
  59. World Health Organization. (2003). Bollywood: Victim or ally? A WHO study on the portrayal of tobacco in Indian cinema. Retrieved from http://www.who.int/tobacco/wntd/2003/en/bollywood-exesum.pdf
  60. Zucker, D., Hopkins, R. S., Sly, D. F., Urich, J., Kershaw, J. M., & Solari, S. (2000). Florida's "Truth" campaign: A countermarketing, anti-tobacco media campaign. Journal of Public Health Management and Practice, 6(3), 1-6.

Cited by

  1. Employment Transitions and Suicide Ideation among Echo Generation vol.23, pp.4, 2013, https://doi.org/10.4332/KJHPA.2013.23.4.369
  2. Effect of Viewing Smoking Scenes in Motion Pictures on Subsequent Smoking Desire in Audiences in South Korea vol.3, pp.3, 2013, https://doi.org/10.2196/publichealth.7093