Applied Microscopy

Korean Society of Microscopy (한국현미경학회)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Ultrastructure of Capillaria hepatica (Syn. Calodium hepatica) Isolated from the Liver of Mouse Infected with Artificially Embryonated Eggs Collected from House Rats (Rattus norvegicus)

  • Min, Byoung-Hoon (Department of Parasitology and the Institute of Travel Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine) ;
  • Lee, Haeng-Sook (Department of Parasitology and the Institute of Travel Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine) ;
  • Kim, Soo-Jin (Department of Life Science, College of Natural Science, Hallym University) ;
  • Joo, Kyoung-Hwan (Department of Parasitology and the Institute of Travel Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine)
  • Received : 2013.11.19
  • Accepted : 2013.12.23
  • Published : 2013.12.30
Download PDF
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

Capillaria hepatica (syn. Calodium hepatica) is a parasite found mainly in rodent liver. But, it has also been found in a wide variety of mammals, including humans. This worm is unique as it is the only nematode parasite that is embedded in the liver parenchyma of the host even during the adult stage of the life cycle. They produce eggs that elicit a marked granulomatous reaction that eventually destroys the worms. Fibrosis and lymphoplasmacytic inflammatory infiltration are often observed around adult nematodes embedded in the liver parenchyma of the host. For this reason, complete isolation of this slender worm and observation of the intact ultrastructure is very difficult. In this study, 10 intact whole worms (C. hepatica) were isolated from the liver of 3-week-old mouse after inoculation of artificially embryonated eggs collected from house rats (Rattus norvegicus). Their external structure of was observed with light and scanning electron microscopy. The length of the isolated female and male C. hepatica was approximately 69.60 mm and 36.92 mm, respectively. More detailed ultrastructure, including bacillary band, eggs and vulva in female and spicule and spicule sheath in male C. hepatica was also described.

Keywords

References

  1. Anderson R C (2000) Nematode Parasites of Vertebrates. Their Development and Transmission, 2nd ed., pp. 612-614, (CABI Publishing, Wallingford).
  2. Bancroft T L (1893) On the with-worm of the rats liver. J. Proc. R. Soc. New S. Wales. 27, 86-90.
  3. Beaver P C, Jung R C, and Cupp E W (1984) Clinical Parasitology, pp. 231-252, (Lea & Febiger, Philadelphia).
  4. Campbell B G (1991) Trichuris and other Trichinelloid nematodes of dogs and cats in the United States. Compend. Contin. Educ. Pract. Vet. 13, 769-778.
  5. Ceruti R, Sonzogni O, Origgi F, Vezzoli F, Cammarata S, Giusti A M, and Scanziani E (2001) Capillaria hepatica infection in wild brown rats (Rattus norvegicus) from the urban area of Milan, Italy. J. Vet. Med. B 48, 235-240. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1439-0450.2001.00436.x
  6. Chitwood M B, Valesquez C, and Salazar N G (1968) Capillaria philippinensis sp. n. (Nematoda: Trichinellida), from the intestine of man in the Philippines. J. Parasitol. 54, 368-371. https://doi.org/10.2307/3276953
  7. Choe G, Lee H S, Seo J K, Chai J Y, Lee S H, Eom K S, and Chi J G (1993) Hepatic capillariasis: first case report in the Republic of Korea. Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. 48, 610-625. https://doi.org/10.4269/ajtmh.1993.48.610
  8. Claveria F G, Causapin J, de Guzman M A, Toledo M G, and Salibay C (2005) Parasite biodiversity in Rattus spp caught in wet markets. Southeast Asian J. Trop. Med. Public Health 36(Suppl 4), 146-148.
  9. Farhang-Azad A (1977) Ecology of Capillaria hepatica (Bancroft 1893) (Nematoda). 1. Dynamics of infection among Norway rat populations of the Baltimore zoo, Baltimore, Maryland. J. Parasitol. 63, 117-122. https://doi.org/10.2307/3280114
  10. Fuehrer H P, Igel P, and Auer H (2011) Capillaria hepatica in man-an overview of hepatic capillariosis and spurious infections. Parasitol. Res. 109, 969-979. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00436-011-2494-1
  11. Gutierrez Y (2006) Other tissue nematode infection by Yezid. In: Tropical Infectious Diseases, eds. Guerrant R L, Walker D H, and Weller P F, pp. 1242-1243, (Elsevier, Philadelphia).
  12. Jeong W I, Do S H, Hong I H, Ji A R, Park J K, Ki M R, Park S C, and Jeong K S (2008) Macrophages, myofibroblasts and mast cells in a rat liver infected with Capillaria hepatica. J. Vet. Sci. 9, 211-213. https://doi.org/10.4142/jvs.2008.9.2.211
  13. Juncker-Voss M, Prosl H, Lussy H, Enzenberg U, Auer H, and Nowotny N (2000) Serological detection of Capillaria hepatica by indirect immunofluorescence assay. J. Clin. Microbiol. 38, 431-433.
  14. Kim D K, Joo K H, and Chung M S (2007) Changes of cytokine mRNA expression and IgG responses in rats infected with Capillaria hepatica. Korean J. Parasitol. 45, 95-102. https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2007.45.2.95
  15. Kim S J, Min B H, Lee H S, Lee B W, and Joo K H (2009) Ultrastructure of the integument of Capillaria hepatica (syn. Calodium hepatica). Korean J. Microscopy 39, 167-173.
  16. Kohatsu H, Zaha O, Shimada K, Chibana T, Yara I, Shimada A, Hasegawa H, and Sato Y (1995) A space-occupying lesion in the liver due to Capillaria infection. Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. 52, 414-418. https://doi.org/10.4269/ajtmh.1995.52.414
  17. Lee C W (1964) The experimental studies on Capillaria hepatica. Kisaengchunghak Chapchi 2, 63-80.
  18. Lloyd S, Elwood C M, and Smith K C (2002) Capillaria hepatica (Calodium hepaticum) infection in a British dog. Vet. Rec. 151, 419-420. https://doi.org/10.1136/vr.151.14.419
  19. Luttermoser G W (1938) An experimental study of Capillaria hepatica in the rat and the mouse. Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. 27, 321-340.
  20. McQuown A L (1950) Capillaria hepatica: report of genuine and spurious cases. Am. J. Trop. Med. 30, 761-767.
  21. Min H K (1979) Prevalence of Capillaria Hepatica among house rat in Seoul. Kisaengchunghak Chapchi 17, 93-97.
  22. Moravec F (2001) Redescription and systematic status of Capillaria philippinensis, an intestinal parasite of human beings. J. Parasitol. 87, 161-164. https://doi.org/10.1645/0022-3395(2001)087[0161:RASSOC]2.0.CO;2
  23. Mowat V, Turton J, Stewart J, Lui K C, and Pilling A M (2009) Histopathological features of Capillaria hepatica infection in laboratory rabbits. Toxicol. Pathol. 37, 661-666. https://doi.org/10.1177/0192623309339501
  24. Mutafchiev Y and Georgiev B B (2008) A new acuariid nematode, Syncuaria mackoi n. sp. (Spirurida), from Ciconianigra (L.) (Ciconiiformes: Ciconiidae) in Europe. Syst. Parasitol. 70, 71-79. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11230-008-9138-6
  25. Nabi F, Palaha H K, Sekhsaria D, and Chiatale A (2007) Capillaria hepatica infestation. Indian Pediatr. 44, 781-782.
  26. Nakamura N (2005) Parasitic lesions of bovine liver attributed to Capillaria species. J. Comp. Pathol. 132, 228-231. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcpa.2004.08.001
  27. Neva F A and Brown H W (1994) Basic Clinical Parasitology, 6th ed., pp. 150-151, (Prentice Hall International, London).
  28. Resendes A R, Amaral A F, Rodrigues A, and Almeria S (2009) Prevalence of Calodium hepaticum (Syn. Capillaria hepatica) in house mice (Musmusculus) in the Azores archipelago. Vet. Parasitol. 160, 340-343. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vetpar.2008.11.001
  29. Roberts L S, Janovy J, Schmidt G D, and Larry S (1996) Roberts' Foundations of Parasitology, 5th ed., pp. 87-88, 385, (Wm C. Brown Publishers, Dubuque).
  30. Ruas J L, Soares M P, Farias N A R, and Brum J G W (2003) Capillaria hepatica infection in wild carnivores (Lycalopex gymnocercus and Cerdocyon thous) in southern Rio Grande Do Sul, Brazil. Arq. Inst. Biol. 70, 127-130.
  31. Schmidt S (2001) Investigation on the occurrence of Capillaria hepatica and metacestodes of Cyclophillida in wild mice in Germany, pp. 145, PhD Thesis, University of Leipzig.
  32. Seo B S, Rim H J, Lee C W, and Yoon J S (1964) Studies on the parasitic helminths of Korea: II. parasites of the rat, Rattus norvegicus Erxl. in Seoul, with the description of Capillaria hepatica (Bancroft, 1893) Travassos. Kisaengchunghak Chapchi 2, 55-62.
  33. Seong J K, Huh S, Lee J S, and Oh Y S (1995) Helminths in Rattus norvegicus captured in Chunchon, Korea. Korean J. Parasitol. 33, 235-237. https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.1995.33.3.235
  34. Singleton G R, Spratt D M, Barker S C, and Hodgson P F (1991) The geographic distribution and host range of Capillaria hepatica (Bancroft) (Nematoda) in Australia. Int. J. Parasitol. 21, 945-957. https://doi.org/10.1016/0020-7519(91)90171-3
  35. Smales L R, Harris P D, and Behnke J M (2009) A redescription of Protospirura muricola Gedoelst, 1916 (Nematoda: Spiruridae), a parasite of murid rodents. Syst. Parasitol. 72, 15-26. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11230-008-9147-5
  36. Spratt D M and Singleton G R (2001) Hepatic capillariasis. In: Parasitic Diseases of Wild Mammals, eds. Samuel W M, Pybus M J, and Kocan A A, pp. 365-379, (Iowa State University Press, Ames).
  37. Sun T (1999) Parasitic Disorders: Pathology, Diagnosis, and Management, 2nd ed., pp. 185-189, (Lippincott Williams and Wilkins, Baltimore).
  38. Wright K A (1961) Observations on the life cycle of Capillaria hepatica (Bancroft, 1893) with a description of the adult. Can J. Zool. 38, 167-182.
  39. Zaman V and Keong L A (1995) Handbook of medical parasitology. In: Introduction to Nematodes, 3rd ed., pp. 167, 230-231, (KC Ang Publishing, Singapore).