Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer (한국토양비료학회지)

Korean Society of Soil Science and Fertilizer (한국토양비료학회)
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Evaluation of Surface Covering Methods for Reducing Soil Loss of Highland Slope in Soybean Cultivation

고랭지 경사 밭 콩 재배지에서 토양유실경감을 위한 피복방법 평가

  • Lee, Jeong-Tae (Highland Agriculture Research Center, National Institute of Crop Science, RDA) ;
  • Lee, Gye-Jun (Highland Agriculture Research Center, National Institute of Crop Science, RDA) ;
  • Ryu, Jong-Soo (Highland Agriculture Research Center, National Institute of Crop Science, RDA) ;
  • Kim, Jeom-Soon (Highland Agriculture Research Center, National Institute of Crop Science, RDA) ;
  • Han, Kyung-Hwa (National Academy of Agricultural Science, RDA) ;
  • Zhang, Yong-Seon (National Academy of Agricultural Science, RDA)
  • 이정태 (농촌진흥청 국립식량과학원 고령지농업연구센터) ;
  • 이계준 (농촌진흥청 국립식량과학원 고령지농업연구센터) ;
  • 류종수 (농촌진흥청 국립식량과학원 고령지농업연구센터) ;
  • 김점순 (농촌진흥청 국립식량과학원 고령지농업연구센터) ;
  • 한경화 (농촌진흥청 국립농업과학원) ;
  • 장용선 (농촌진흥청 국립농업과학원)
  • Received : 2012.08.07
  • Accepted : 2012.09.20
  • Published : 2012.10.30
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Abstract

There is relatively high vulnerability of soil erosion in slope highland agriculture due to a reclamation of mountain as well as low surface covering during early summer with high rainfall intensity. Especially, in soybean cultivation, soil disturbance by conventional tillage and exposure of topsoil at the early stage of soybean have intensified soil loss. The aim of this study was to evaluate various surface covering methods for reducing soil loss in highland soybean cultivation. The experiment was conducted in 17% sloped lysimeter ($2.5m{\times}13.4m$) with 8 treatments. Amount of runoff water and eroded soil, and soybean growth were investigated. Surface covering through sod culture and plant residue showed 3.4~45.0 runoff water amount with $177{\sim}2,375m^3\;ha^{-1}$ compared with control ($5,274m^3\;ha^{-1}$). And the amount of eroded soil was also reduced by 95% in surface covering treatment with $0.02{\sim}1.94Mg\;ha^{-1}$ than control with $40.72Mg\;ha^{-1}$. Yields of soybean pod showed $0.3Mg\;ha^{-1}$ in rye sod culture, $1.3Mg\;ha^{-1}$ in Ligularia fischeri var. spiciformis Nakai, $0.7Mg\;ha^{-1}$ in Aster koraiensis Nakai, $0.2Mg\;ha^{-1}$ in red clover and $2.0Mg\;ha^{-1}$ in non-covering, on the other hand, covering with cut rye showed $3.8Mg\;ha^{-1}$. Conclusively, covering the soil surface with cut rye were beneficial for reduction of soil loss without decreasing soybean yield in highland sloped fields.

고랭지의 밭은 대부분 산지를 개간하여 조성한 경사 밭으로 작물이 재배되는 여름철 집중강우에 의해 많은 양의 토양이 유실된다. 특히 이 지역의 콩 재배에서는 경사 밭 전면경운에 의한 토양 교란과 생육초기 노출된 표토 때문에 토양유실 위험이 가중되고 있다. 본 연구는 고랭지의 콩 재배에서 토양유실 경감을 위한 피복방법을 개발하기 위해 수행하였다. 토양피복 방법으로 호밀 예취피복, 호밀 초생피복, 흑색비닐멀칭 등 8처리를 두었으며, 경사 17%내외 무저라이시메타에서 유거수 및 토양유출 특성과 콩 생육특성을 평가하였다. 시험결과 호밀예취피복을 포함한 토양피복처리는 유거수 유출량이 ha당 $177{\sim}2,375m^3$로 관행 $5,274m^3$의 3.4~45% 수준으로 감소하였다. 토양유실량 또한 관행 처리구가 ha당 40.72톤인 반면, 호밀예취피복을 포함한 피복처리구는 0.02~1.94톤으로 관행 대비 95%이상의 경감 효과가 있었다. 콩 수확기 수량 구성요소인 종실중은 관행의 경우 ha당 2.0톤 수준을 보였는데, 호밀 초생피복은 0.3톤, 곰취 초생 피복 1.3톤, 고사리 초생피복 1.4톤, 벌개미취 초생피복은 0.7톤, 레드클로버 초생피복은 0.2톤 수준으로 낮은 경향을 보였다. 반면, 호밀 예취피복은 3.8톤, 흑색비닐멀칭은 3.1톤으로 관행보다 증수되었다. 결과적으로 호밀 예취피복은 콩 수량에는 영향을 미치지 않으면서 토양유실 경감효과가 매우 높아 콩재배 경사밭 토양보전기술로 유용하게 적용 되리라 판단된다.

Keywords

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