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Yield of Green Manure and Nitrogen of Cornflower (Centaurea cyanus L.) in Different Upland Soil Textures

토성별 수레국화 (Centaurea cyanus L.)의 녹비수량 및 질소생산량

  • 조현숙 (농촌진흥청 국립식량과학원) ;
  • 성기영 (농촌진흥청 국립식량과학원) ;
  • 박태선 (농촌진흥청 국립식량과학원) ;
  • 서명철 (농촌진흥청 국립식량과학원) ;
  • 전원태 (농촌진흥청 국립식량과학원) ;
  • 강항원 (농촌진흥청 국립식량과학원) ;
  • 이혜진 (농촌진흥청 국립식량과학원)
  • Received : 2012.07.19
  • Accepted : 2012.08.17
  • Published : 2012.08.31

Abstract

Experiments were conducted to find out the landscape effects and green manure production at the same time in farmland. Cornflower was grown in different soil texture with sand, sandy loam, loam, clay loam, and was sowing with autumn and spring respectively. The overwintering rate of cornflower was at 58.7% in average, and the treatment at sand soil showed 62.1% that was highest among other soils, which cornflower is possible to winter landscape crop. After flowering of cornflower, the contents of total nitrogen (T-N) and total carbon (T-C) in plant were 15.0 and $409.2g\;kg^{-1}$, respectively, and the carbon-nitrogen ratio (C/N) was 28.6. The yield of cornflower biomass, which will be returned to soil as green manure, recorded $1,210{\sim}3,920kg\;ha^{-1}$ at the spring seeding higher than the autumn seeding as $1,540{\sim}3,170kg\;ha^{-1}$, and the biomass treated by soil texture were showed that the treatments at the clay loam had been the largest yields both spring and autumn seeding among at other treatment of soil. The heights of cornflower regardless of soil treatments were 52.8 to 73.6 cm at the autumn seeding and 35.5 to 79.2 cm at the spring seeding although it was more significant variation at the soil textures than the seeding periods. The flowering periods of cornflower ranged from $17^{th}$ to $20^{th}$ in May at the autumn seeding and from $19^{th}$ to $20^{th}$ in June at the spring seeding, which was faster 30 days approximately at the autumn seeding than the spring seeding. In a view of the cornflower application as green manure after flowering, the autumn seeding, when considered to combine with following crops, was more suitable and various than the spring seeding, even though the yield at spring seeding was higher than one at autumn seeding.

수레국화는 초롱꽃목 국화과의 한해살이풀 또는 두해살이풀로 가을과 봄에 파종이 가능한 작물이다. 수레국화 꽃은 파란색, 분홍색, 연분홍색 등 다양하며 주로 봄부터 가을까지 개화가 가능하다. 이 작물은 종종 지역 축제 현장에서 아름다운 경관을 조성하고 있는데 수레국화 단독으로 재배되거나 양귀비와 혼합하여 재배되기도 한다. 따라서 경관조성이 가능한 작물인 수레국화의 녹비 수량과 개화특성을 조사하여 농경지의 이용 가능성을 검토하고자 사토, 사양토, 양토, 식양토 4개의 토성에 가을과 봄에 파종하여 시험을 수행하였다. 수레국화의 4개의 토성의 평균 월동율은 58.7%였으며 사토에서 가장 좋았다. 수레국화가 개화된 이후의 질소함량은 $15.0g\;kg^{-1}$이었고, T-C는 $409.2g\;kg^{-1}$이었으며, C/N율은 28.6이었다. 수레국화 파종시기에 따른 녹비의 건물수량은 가을파종보다는 봄파종에서 더 많았으며 토성별로는 봄파종, 가을파종 모두 식양토에서 가장 많았다. 수레국화의 초장은 가을 파종시 52.8~73.6 cm였고, 봄파종은 35.5~79.2cm 로 파종시기보다는 토성간에 차이가 더 컸다. 수레국화의 개화시기는 가을 파종시 5월 17~20일이었고 봄파종은 6월 19~20일로 가을 파종했을 때 약 30일정도 빨랐다. 수레국화의 부위별 질소함량은 잎에서 가장 많았으며 개화시기별로는 개화 직전에 $21.9g\;kg^{-1}$로 가장 높았으나 개화 이후 점차 감소되었다. 수레국화가 개화된 이후 이용할 경우 봄파종보다는 가을 파종할 때 더 다양한 후작물과 조합이 가능하였다. 따라서, 녹비수량, 개화시기, 후작물과의 작부체계를 기준으로 볼 때 수레국화는 가을에 파종하여 이용하는 것이 더 유리하였다.

Keywords

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