Natural Product Sciences

The Korean Society of Pharmacognosy (한국생약학회)
권호 표지

Neuroprotective Effects of Cambodian Plant Extracts on Glutamate-induced Cytotoxicity in HT22 Cells

  • Keo, Samell (Standardized Material Bank for New Botanical Drugs, College of Pharmacy, Wonkwang University) ;
  • Lee, Dong-Sung (Hanbang Body-Fluid Research Center, Wonkwang University) ;
  • Li, Bin (Hanbang Body-Fluid Research Center, Wonkwang University) ;
  • Choi, Hyun-Gyu (Standardized Material Bank for New Botanical Drugs, College of Pharmacy, Wonkwang University) ;
  • Kim, Kyoung-Su (Standardized Material Bank for New Botanical Drugs, College of Pharmacy, Wonkwang University) ;
  • Ko, Won-Min (Standardized Material Bank for New Botanical Drugs, College of Pharmacy, Wonkwang University) ;
  • Oh, Hyun-Cheol (College of Pharmacy, Wonkwang University) ;
  • Kim, Youn-Chul (Standardized Material Bank for New Botanical Drugs, College of Pharmacy, Wonkwang University)
  • Received : 2012.05.25
  • Accepted : 2012.07.26
  • Published : 2012.09.30
Download PDF
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

Oxidative stress potentially induces neurotoxicity which is believed to underlie several major age-related diseases of the central nervous system. This study sought to identify the cytoprotective effects of sixty-nine Cambodian plants against glutamate-induced cell death. Cultured HT22 cells were applied as an in vitro model, and neurotoxicity was induced in these neuronal cells by exposure to a determined concentration of glutamate. Sixty-nine plant sources, as Cambodia's indigenous species, were purchased from O'reusey Market, Phnom Penh, and extracted with ethanol. These extracts were screened for cytoprotective effects against glutamate-triggered neurotoxicity in HT22 cells at concentrations of 100 and 300 ${\mu}g/ml$. Of these, eight ethanol extracts, bark of Anacardium occidentale, bark and sapwood of Bauhinia pulla, flowers of Borassus flabellifer, stems and leaves of Coix lacryma-jobi, bark and sapwood of Diospyros nitida, sapwood of Dipterocarpus obtusifolius, stems of Oryza rufipogon, and fruits of Phyllanthus emblica, showed significant cytoprotective effects against glutamate-induced cell damage and degeneration in HT22 cells.

Keywords

References

  1. Beal, M.F., Mechanisms of excitotoxicity in neurologic diseases. The FASEB J. 6, 3338-3344 (1992). https://doi.org/10.1096/fasebj.6.15.1464368
  2. Boelsterli, U.A., Mechanistic toxicology: the molecular basis of how chemicals disrupt biological targets. Taylor & Francis Group, LLC. 2nd ed., 1-399, 2007.
  3. Chatterjee, A., Chattopadhyay, S., and Bandyopadhyay, S.K., Biphasic effect of Phyllanthus emblica L. extract on NSAID-induced ulcer: an antioxidative trail weaved with immunomodulatory effect. Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine 1-13 (2011a).
  4. Chatterjee, U.R., Bandyopadhyay, S.S., Ghosh, D., Ghosal, P.K., and Ray, B. In vitro anti-oxidant activity, uorescence quenching study and structural features of carbohydrate polymers from Phyllanthus emblica. Int. J. Biol. Macromol. 49, 637-642 (2011b). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2011.06.024
  5. Choi, D.W., Weiss, J.H., Koh, J.Y., Christine, C.W., and Kurth, M.C., Glutamate neurotoxicity, calcium, and zinc. Ann. N.Y. Acad.Sci. 568, 219-224 (1989). https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1749-6632.1989.tb12511.x
  6. Chung, C.P., Hsia, S.M., Lee, M.Y., Chen, H.J., Cheng, F., Chan, L.C., Kuo, Y.H., Lin, Y.L., and Chiang, W., Gastroprotective activities of Adlay (Coix lachryma-jobi L. var. ma-yuen Stapf) on the growth of the stomach cancer AGS cell line and indomethacin-induced gastric ulcers. J. Agric. Food Chem. 59, 6025-6033 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1021/jf2009556
  7. Conrad, M. and Sato, H., The oxidative stress-inducible cystine/glutamate antiporter, system $X_c\,^-$: cystine supplier and beyond. Amino Acids 42, 231-246 (2011).
  8. Coyle, J.T. and Puttfarcken, P., Oxidative stress, glutamate, and neurodegenerative disorders. Science 262, 689-695 (1993). https://doi.org/10.1126/science.7901908
  9. Davis, J.B. and Maher, P., Protein kinase C activation inhibits glutamate-induced cytotoxicity in a neuronal cell line. Brain Research 652, 169-173 (1994). https://doi.org/10.1016/0006-8993(94)90334-4
  10. Desjardins, P. and Ledoux, S., The role of apoptosis in neurodegenerative diseases. Metabolic Brain Disease 13, 79-96 (1998) . https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1020605112755
  11. Doss, V.A. and Thangavel, K.P., Antioxidant and antimicrobial activity using different extracts of Anacardium occidentale L. International Journal of Applied Biology and Pharmaceutical Technology. 2, 436-443 (2011).
  12. Fukui, M., Song, J.H., Choi, J., Choi, H.J., and Zhu, B.T., Mechanism of glutamate-induced neurotoxicity in HT22 mouse hippocampal cells. Eur. J. Pharmacol. 617, 1-11 (2009). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejphar.2009.06.059
  13. Huang, D.W., Chung, C.P., Kuo, Y.H., Lin, Y.L., and Chiang, W., Identification of compounds in Adlay (Coix lachryma-jobi L. var. mayuen Stapf) seed hull extracts that inhibit lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammation in RAW 264.7 Macrophages. J. Agric. Food Chem. 57, 10651-10657 (2009a). https://doi.org/10.1021/jf9028514
  14. Huang, D.W., Kuo, Y.H., Lin, F.Y., Lin, Y. L., and Chiang, W., Effect of Adlay (Coix lachryma-jobi L. var. ma-yuen Stapf) testa and its phenolic components on Cu2-treated low-density lipoprotein (LDL) oxidation and lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inammation in RAW 264.7 macrophages. J. Agric. Food Chem. 57, 2259-2266 (2009b). https://doi.org/10.1021/jf803255p
  15. Kham, L., Medical plants of Cambodia: habitat, chemical constituents and ethnobotanical uses. Bendigo Scientific Press, Australia. 1st ed., 1-631 (2004).
  16. Kommu, S., Chiluka, V.L., Gowri, S.N.L., Matsyagiri, L., Shankar, M., and Sandhya, S., Anti oxidant activity of methanolic extracts of female Borassus flabellifer leaves and roots. Der Pharmacia Sinica 2, 193-199 (2011).
  17. Kulawiak, B. and Szewczyk, A., Glutamate-induced cell death in HT22 mouse hippocampal cells is attenuated by paxilline, a BK channel inhibitor. Mitochondrion 12, 169-172 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mito.2011.12.001
  18. Kuo, C.C., Chiang, W., Liu, G.P., Chien, Y.L., JANG- Chang, Y., Lee, C. K., Lo, J.M., Huang, S.L., Shih, M.C., and Kuo, Y.H., 2,2-Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical-scavenging active components from Adlay (Coix lachryma-jobi L. Var. ma-yuen Stapf) hulls. J. Agric. Food Chem. 50, 5850-5855 (2002). https://doi.org/10.1021/jf020391w
  19. Lau, A. and Tymianski, M., Glutamate receptors, neurotoxicity and neurodegeneration. Pflugers Arch - Eur J Physiol. 460, 525-542 (2010). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00424-010-0809-1
  20. Lewerenz, J., Maher, P., and Methner, A., Regulation of xCT expression and system $X_c$- function in neuronal cells. Amino Acids. 1-9 (2011).
  21. Liu, X.J., Wei, Y., and Qi, J.S., Oxidative stress and Alzheimer's disease. Acta Physiologica Sinica 64, 87-95 (2012).
  22. Maher, P. and Davis, J.B., The role of monoamine metabolism in oxidative glutamate toxicity. The Journal of Neuroscience 16, 6394-6401 (1996).
  23. Martin, L.J., Mitochondrial and cell death mechanisms in neurodegenerative diseases. Pharmaceuticals 3, 839-915 (2010). https://doi.org/10.3390/ph3040839
  24. MoE (Ministry of Environment) National adaptation programme of action to climate change (NAPA). Phnom Penh, Cambodia 1-115 (2006).
  25. Muecke, M.A., Caring for Southeast Asian refugee patients in the USA. Am J Public Health 73, 431-438 (1983). https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.73.4.431
  26. Murphy, T.H., Miyamoto, M., Sastre, A., Schnaar, R. L., and Coyle, J.T., Glutamate toxicity in a neuronal cell line involves inhibition of cystine transport leading to oxidative stress. Neuron 2, 1547-1558 (1989). https://doi.org/10.1016/0896-6273(89)90043-3
  27. Oka, A., Belliveau, M.J., Rosenberg, P.A., and Volpe, J.J., Vulnerability of Oligodendroglia to glutamate: pharmacology, mechanisms, and prevention. The Journal of Neuroscience. 13, 1441-1453 (1993).
  28. Ray, P.D., Huang, B.W., and Tsuji, Y., Reactive oxygen species (ROS) homeostasis and redox regulation in cellular signaling. Cellular Signalling 24, 981-990 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cellsig.2012.01.008
  29. Richman, M.J., Nawabi, S., Patty, L., and Ziment, I., Traditional Cambodian medicine. Journal of Complementary and Integrative Medicine 7, 1-14 (2010).
  30. Satoh, T., Enokido, Y., Kubo, T., Yamada, M., and Hatanaka, H., Oxygen toxicity induces apoptosis in neuronal cells. Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology 18, 649-666 (1998). https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1020269802315
  31. Satoh, T., Ishige, K., and Sagara, Y., Protective effects on neuronal cells of mouse afforded by ebselen against oxidative stress at multiple steps. Neuroscience Letters 371, 1-5 (2004). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neulet.2004.04.055
  32. Shi, P., Gal, J., Kwinter, D.M., Liu, X., and Zhu, H., Mitochondrial dysfunction in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Biochim Biophys Acta. 1802, 45-51 (2010). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bbadis.2009.08.012
  33. Singh, R.P., Sharad, S., and Kapur, S., Free radicals and oxidative stress in neurodegenerative diseases: relevance of dietary antioxidants. JIACM. 5, 218-225 (2004).
  34. Tan, S., Wood, M., and Maher, P., Oxidative stress induces a form of programmed cell death with characteristics of both apoptosis and necrosis in neuronal cells. J. Neurochem. 71, 95-105 (1998).
  35. Thomas, B. and Beal, M.F., Parkinson's disease. Human Molecular Genetics 16, 183-194 (2007). https://doi.org/10.1093/hmg/ddm159
  36. World Bank Vulnerability, risk reduction, and adaptation to climate change, Cambodia. 1818 H Street, NW, Washington, DC 20433. 1-12 (2011).