DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

A Comparison between Water and Ethanol Extracts of Rumex acetosa for Protective Effects on Gastric Ulcers in Mice

  • Bae, Ji-Yeong (College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Gyeongsang National University) ;
  • Lee, Yoon-Seok (College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Gyeongsang National University) ;
  • Han, Sun-Young (College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Gyeongsang National University) ;
  • Jeong, Eun-Ju (Department of Agronomy & Medicinal Plant Resources, Gyeongnam National University of Science and Technology) ;
  • Lee, Mi-Kyeong (College of Pharmacy, Chungbuk National University) ;
  • Kong, Jae-Yang (College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Gyeongsang National University) ;
  • Lee, Dong-Hoon (Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, and Institute of Health Sciences, Gyeongsang National University) ;
  • Cho, Kyeong-Jae (Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, and Institute of Health Sciences, Gyeongsang National University) ;
  • Lee, Haeng-Soon (Environmental Biotechnology Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB)) ;
  • Ahn, Mi-Jeong (College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Gyeongsang National University)
  • Received : 2012.06.18
  • Accepted : 2012.06.28
  • Published : 2012.07.31

Abstract

Rumex acetosa is a perennial herb that is widely distributed across eastern Asia. Although the hot water extract of R. acetosa has been used to treat gastritis or gastric ulcers as a folk medicine, no scientific report exists for the use of this plant to treat gastric ulcers. Hence, the present study was undertaken to assess the anti-ulcer activity of water and 70% ethanol extracts obtained from R. acetosa, using an HCl/ethanol-induced gastric ulcer model in mice. Anti-inflammatory and free radical-scavenging activities of these two extracts were also evaluated and compared. As a result, the administration of R. acetosa extracts significantly reduced the occurrence of gastric ulcers. However, significant differences in protective activity against gastric ulcers were observed between the two samples. In the case of the group pretreated with an ethanol extract dosage of 100 mg/kg, the protective effect (90.9%) was higher than that of water extract (41.2%). Under histological evaluation, pretreatment with R. acetosa extracts reversed negative effects, such as inflammation, edema, moderate hemorrhaging and loss of epithelial cells, presented by HCl/ethanol-treated stomachs. Meanwhile, R. acetosa extracts showed potent DPPH radical-scavenging activity and decreased NO production in a murine macrophage cell line, RAW 264.7, in a dose-dependent manner without affecting cellular viability. The greater anti-ulcer and NO production inhibitory activities exhibited by ethanol extracts compared to water extracts could be ascribed to the higher emodin levels, a major anthraquinone component of this plant.

Keywords

References

  1. Andreo, M. A., Ballesteros, K. V., Hiruma-Lima, C. A., Machado da Rocha, L. R., Souza Brito, A. R. and Vilegas, W. (2006) Effect of Mouriri pusa extracts on experimentally induced gastric lesions in rodents: role of endogenous sulfhydryls compounds and nitric oxide in gastroprotection. J. Ethnopharmacol. 107, 431-441. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2006.04.001
  2. Anonymous. (1999) Traditional Chinese Dictionary (Ch). Shanghai Scientific Press, Shanghai.
  3. Bicker, J., Petereit, F. and Hensel, A. (2009) Proanthocyanidins and a phloroglucinol derivative from Rumex acetosa L. Fitoterapia 80, 483-495. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fitote.2009.08.015
  4. Cai, Y., Luo, Q., Sun, M. and Corke, H. (2004) Antioxidant activity and phenolic compounds of 112 traditional Chinese medicinal plants associated with anticancer. Life Sci. 74, 2157-2184. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lfs.2003.09.047
  5. Gescher, K., Hensel, A., Hafezi, W., Derksen, A. and Kühn, J. (2011) Oligomeric proanthocyanidins from Rumex acetosa L. inhibit the attachment of herpes simplex virus type-1. Antiviral Res. 89, 9-18. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.antiviral.2010.10.007
  6. Goel, R. K., Das Gupta, G., Ram, S. N. and Pandey, V. B. (1991) Antiulcerogenic and anti-infl ammatory effects of emodin, isolated from Rhamnus triquerta wall. Indian J. Exp. Biol. 29, 230-232.
  7. Gordon, M. H., Paiva-Martins, F. and Almeida, M. (2001) Antioxidant activity of hydroxytyrosol acetate compared with that of other olive oil polyphenols. J. Agric. Food Chem. 49, 2480-2485. https://doi.org/10.1021/jf000537w
  8. Karimi, G., Hosseinzadeh, H. and Ettehad, N. (2004) Evaluation of the gastric antiulcerogenic effects of Portulaca oleracea L. extracts in mice. Phytother. Res. 18, 484-487. https://doi.org/10.1002/ptr.1463
  9. Kato, T. and Morita, Y. (1990) C-glycosylfl avones with acetyl substitution from Rumex acetosa L. Chem. Pharm. Bull. 38, 2277. https://doi.org/10.1248/cpb.38.2277
  10. Ko, J. C., Su, Y. J., Lin, S. T., Jhan, J. Y., Ciou, S. C., Cheng, C. M. and Lin, Y. W. (2010) Suppression of ERCC1 and Rad51 expression through ERK1/2 inactivation is essential in emodin-mediated cytotoxicity in human non-small cell lung cancer cells. Biochem. Pharmacol. 79, 655-664. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bcp.2009.09.024
  11. Kumar, A., Dhawan, S. and Aggarwal, B. B. (1998) Emodin (3-methyl- 1,6,8-trihydroxyanthraquinone) inhibits TNF-induced NF-kappaB activation, IkappaB degradation, and expression of cell surface adhesion proteins in human vascular endothelial cells. Oncogene 17, 913-918. https://doi.org/10.1038/sj.onc.1201998
  12. Lee, C. B. (2003) Coloured Flora of Korea I. Hyangmoonsa, Seoul, p. 246.
  13. Lee, N. J., Choi, J. H., Koo, B. S., Ryu, S. Y., Han, Y. H., Lee, S. I. and Lee, D. U. (2005) Antimutagenicity and cytotoxicity of the constituents from the aerial parts of Rumex acetosa. Biol. Pharm. Bull. 28, 2158-2161. https://doi.org/10.1248/bpb.28.2158
  14. Leonard, B. J., Kennedy, D. A., Cheng, F. C., Chang, K. K., Seely, D. and Mills, E. (2006) An in vivo analysis of the herbal compound essiac. Anticancer Res. 26, 3057-3063.
  15. Lim, J. P., Park, Y. S., Hong, M. W. and Kim, D. K. (2011) Quantitative analysis of anthraquinones from the roots of Korean Natural Rumex species plants. Kor. J. Pharmacogn. 42, 297-301.
  16. Lin, M. L., Lu, Y. C., Chung, J. G., Li, Y. C., Wang, S. G., N G., S. H., Wu, C. Y., Su, H. L. and Chen, S. S. (2010) Aloe-emodin induces apoptosis of human nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells via caspase- 8-mediated activation of the mitochondrial death pathway. Cancer Lett. 291, 46-58. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.canlet.2009.09.016
  17. Malyshev, I. Y. and Shnyra, A. (2003) Controlled modulation of infl ammatory, stress and apoptotic responses in macrophages. Curr. Drug Targets Immune Endocr. Metabol. Disord. 3, 1-22.
  18. Mard, S. A., Bahari Z., Eshaghi, N. and Farbood, Y. (2008) Antiulcerogenic effect of Securigera securidaca L. seed extract on various experimental gastric ulcer models in rats. Pak. J. Biol. Sci. 11, 2619-2623. https://doi.org/10.3923/pjbs.2008.2619.2623
  19. Ogawa, K., Oyagi, A., Tanaka, J., Kobayashi, S. and Hara, H. (2011) The protective effect and action mechanism of Vaccinium myrtillus L. on gastric ulcer in mice. Phytother. Res. 25, 1160-1165. https://doi.org/10.1002/ptr.3413
  20. Ok, S., Kim, S. M., Kim, C., Nam, D., Shim, B. S., Kim, S. H., Ahn, K. S., Choi, S. H. and Ahn, K. S. (2012) Emodin inhibits invasion and migration of prostate and lung cancer cells by downregulating the expression of chemokine receptor CXCR4. Immunopharmacol. Immunotoxicol. in press.
  21. Pedernera, A. M., Guardia, T., Calderon, C. G., Rotelli, A. E., de la Rocha, N. E., Genaro, S. D. and Pelzer, L. E. (2006) Anti-ulcerogenic and anti-inflammatory activity of the methanolic extract of Larrea divaricata Cav. in rat. J. Ethnopharmacol. 105, 415-420. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2005.11.016
  22. Tai, J., Cheung, S., Wong, S. and Lowe, C. (2004) In vitro comparison of Essiac and Flor-Essence on human tumor cell lines. Oncol. Rep. 11, 471-476.
  23. Tamayo, C., Richardson, M. A., Diamond, S. and Skoda, I. (2000) The chemistry and biological activity of herbs used in Flor-Essence herbal tonic and Essiac. Phytother. Res. 14, 1-14. https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1099-1573(200002)14:1<1::AID-PTR580>3.0.CO;2-O
  24. Wegiera, M., Kosikowska, U., Malm, A. and Smolarz, H. D. (2011) Antimicrobial activity of the extracts from fruits of Rumex species. Cent. Eur. J. Biol. 6, 1036-1043. https://doi.org/10.2478/s11535-011-0066-0

Cited by

  1. Differences in the Chemical Profiles and Biological Activities ofPaeonia lactifloraandPaeonia obovata vol.18, pp.2, 2015, https://doi.org/10.1089/jmf.2014.3144
  2. Antioxidative Effects and Component Analysis of Extracts of the Rumex acetosa L. vol.40, pp.4, 2014, https://doi.org/10.15230/SCSK.2014.40.4.391
  3. The Genus Rumex: Review of traditional uses, phytochemistry and pharmacology vol.175, 2015, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2015.09.001
  4. Effect of Black Mustard (Brassica nigra) on the Interaction between Immune and Biotransformation Systems of Nile Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) Exposed to Benzo-a-Pyrene vol.11, pp.1, 2016, https://doi.org/10.3923/jfas.2016.56.66
  5. A Simple and Sensitive Liquid Chromatography with Tandem Mass Spectrometric Method for the Simultaneous Determination of Anthraquinone Glycosides and Their Aglycones in Rat Plasma: Application to a Pharmacokinetic Study of Rumex acetosa Extract vol.10, pp.3, 2018, https://doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics10030100
  6. Effect of cut on secondary metabolite profile in hydroponically-grown Rumex acetosa L. seedlings: a metabolomic approach vol.35, pp.21, 2012, https://doi.org/10.1080/14786419.2020.1719490
  7. Protective Effect of Carotenoid Extract from Orange-Fleshed Sweet Potato on Gastric Ulcer in Mice by Inhibition of NO, IL-6 and PGE2 Production vol.14, pp.12, 2012, https://doi.org/10.3390/ph14121320