Journal of the Korean earth science society (한국지구과학회지)

The Korean Earth Science Society (한국지구과학회)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Late Quaternary Sequence Stratigraphy in Kyeonggi Bay, Mid-eastern Yellow Sea

황해 중동부 경기만의 후기 제4기 순차층서 연구

  • Kwon, Yi-Kyun (Petroleum and Marine Resource Division, Korea Institute of Geoscience and Mineral Resources)
  • 권이균 (한국지질자원연구원 석유해저연구본부)
  • Received : 2012.05.30
  • Accepted : 2012.06.08
  • Published : 2012.06.30
Download PDF
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

The Yellow Sea has sensitively responded to high-amplitude sea-level fluctuations during the late Quaternary. The repeated inundation and exposure have produced distinct transgression-regression successions with extensive exposure surfaces in Kyeonggi Bay. The late Quaternary strata consist of four seismic stratigraphic units, considered as depositional sequences (DS-1, DS-2, DS-3, and DS-4). DS-1 was interpreted as ridge-forming sediments of tidal-flat and estuarine channel-fill facies, formed during the Holocene highstand. DS-2 consists of shallow-marine facies in offshore area, which was formed during the regression of Marine Isotope Stage (MIS)-3 period. DS-3 comprises the lower transgressive facies and the upper highstand tidal-flat facies in proximal ridges and forced regression facies in distal ridges and offshore area. The lowermost DS-4 rests on acoustic basement rocks, considered as the shallow-marine and shelf deposits formed before the MIS-6 lowstand. This study suggests six depositional stages. During the first stage-A, MIS-6 lowstand, the Yellow Sea shelf was subaerially exposed with intensive fluvial incision and weathering. The subsequent rapid and high amplitude rise of sea level in stage-B until the MIS-5e highstand produced transgressive deposits in the lowermost part of the MIS-5 sequence, and the successive regression during the MIS-5d to -5a and the MIS-4 lowstand formed the upperpart of the MIS-5 sequence in stage-C. During the stage-D, from the MIS-4 lowstand to MIS-3c highstand period, the transgressive MIS-3 sequence formed in a subtidal environment characterized by repetitive fluvial incision and channel-fill deposition in exposed area. The subsequent sea-level fall culminating the last glacial maximum (Stage-E) made shallow-marine regressive deposits of MIS-3 sequence in offshore distal area, whereas it formed fluvial channel-fills and floodplain deposits in the proximal area. After the last glacial maximum, the overall Yellow Sea shelf was inundated by the Holocene transgression and highstand (Stage-F), forming the Holocene transgressive shelf sands and tidal ridges.

황해 경기만은 제4기에 반복된 해침과 해퇴로 4개의 해침-해퇴 퇴적체(DS-1, DS-2, DS-3, DS-4)를 형성하였다. 본 연구는 황해 경기만 퇴적체의 형성을 6개 퇴적단계로 나누어 설명한다. A 단계는 MIS-6 저해수면 시기로서 큰 규모의 해수면 하강으로 인해 대부분의 지역이 대기에 노출되고 광범위한 하도 침식 및 풍화작용의 영향을 받았다. 이어지는 B 단계는 MIS-5e 까지 빠른 해수면 상승과정에서 MIS-5 시퀀스의 하부 해침퇴적체가 형성되었고, 다음에 이어지는 MIS-5d부터 MIS-4 저해수면 시기까지의 C 단계에서는 MIS-5 시퀀스의 상부인 해퇴퇴적체가 만들어졌다. 다음의 D 단계는 MIS-4 저해수면 시기부터 MIS-3c 고해수면 시기까지로 하도 침식 및 하도 충전 구조로 이루어진 MIS-3 해침 퇴적체가 형성되었다. 다음의 E 단계에서는 LGM 시기까지 계속적인 해수면 하강이 있었고 외해쪽에서는 천해 기원의 MIS-3 해퇴퇴적체가 만들어진 반면에, 내륙쪽에서는 노출된 환경에서 하도 충전 퇴적체나 범람원 퇴적체가 형성되었다. 마지막 단계인 F 단계는 황해 전체적으로 홀로세 해침이 발생하였고, 이 시기에 외해쪽에서는 대륙붕 사질 퇴적체와 조석사주 퇴적체가 형성되어 고해수면 시기인 현재까지 퇴적이 일어나고 있다.

Keywords

References

  1. Alexander, C.R., DeMaster, D.J., and Nittrouer, C.A., 1991, Sediment accumulation in a modern epicontinental-shelf setting: the Yellow Sea. Marine Geology, 98, 51-72. https://doi.org/10.1016/0025-3227(91)90035-3
  2. Berne, S., Vagner, P., Guichard, F., Lericolais, G., Liu, Z., Trentesaux, A., Yin, P., and Yi, H.I., 2002, Pleistocene forced regressions and tidal sand ridges in the East China Sea. Marine Geology, 188, 293-315. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0025-3227(02)00446-2
  3. Broecker, W.S., Andree, M., Klas, M., Bonani, G., Wolfli, W., and Oeschger, H., 1988, New evidence from the South China Sea for an abrupt termination of the last glacial period. Nature, 333, 156-158. https://doi.org/10.1038/333156a0
  4. Cann, J.H., Belperio, A.P., Gostin, V.A., and Murray-Wallace, C.V., 1988, Sea level history 45,000 to 30,000 years BP, inferred form benthic foraminifera, Gulf St. Vincent, South Australia. Quaternary Research, 29, 153- 175. https://doi.org/10.1016/0033-5894(88)90058-0
  5. Chang, J.H., Park, Y.A., and Han, S.J., 1996, Late Quaternary stratigraphy and sea-level change in the tidal flat of Gomso Bay, west coast of Korea. Journal of the Korean Society of Oceanography, 1, 59-72.
  6. Chappell, J. and Shackleton, N.J., 1986, Oxygen isotope and sea levels. Nature, 324, 137-140. https://doi.org/10.1038/324137a0
  7. Chappell, J., Omura, A., Esat, T., McCulloch, M., Pandolfi, J., Ota, Y., and Pillans, B., 1996, Reconciliation of late Quaternary sea levels derived from coral terraces at Huon Peninsula with deep sea oxygen isotope records. Earth Planetary Science Letters, 141, 227-236. https://doi.org/10.1016/0012-821X(96)00062-3
  8. Choi, K.S., 2001, Late Quaternary stratigraphy and evolution of tidal deposits in Kyungi Bay, west coast of Korea. Ph.D. Thesis, Unpublished Ph.D. dissertation, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea, 223 p.
  9. Choi, K.S., Kim, B.O., and Park, Y.A., 2001, Late Pleistocene tidal rhythmites in Kyunggi Bay, west coast of Korea: a comparison with simulated rhythmites based on modern tides and implications for intertidal positioning. Journal of Sedimentary Research, 71, 680- 691. https://doi.org/10.1306/2DC4095F-0E47-11D7-8643000102C1865D
  10. Choi, K.S. and Dalrymple, R.W., 2004, Recurring tidedominated sedimentation in Kyonggi Bay (west coast of Korea): similarity of tidal deposits in late Pleistocene and Holocene sequences. Marine Geology, 212, 81-96. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.margeo.2004.07.008
  11. Choi, K.S., 2005, Pedogenesis of late Quaternary marine deposits, northern Kyonggi Bay, Korea: implications for relative sea-level change and regional stratigraphic correlation. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatolgy, Palaeoecology, 220, 387-404. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.palaeo.2005.02.006
  12. Choi, J.Y., Kwon, Y.K., and Chung, G.S., 2012, Late Quaternary stratigraphy and depoistional environment of tidal sand ridge deposits in Gyeonggi Bay, west coast of Korea. Journal of the Korean Earth Science Society, 33, 1-10. https://doi.org/10.5467/JKESS.2012.33.1.1
  13. Chough, S.K., Lee, H.J., and Yoon, S.H., 2000, Marine Geology of Korean Seas. Elsevier, New York, USA, 313 p.
  14. Chough, S.K., Lee, H.J., Chun, S.S., and Shinn, Y.J., 2004, Depositional processes of late Quaternary sediments in the Yellow Sea: a review. Geoscience Journal, 8, 211- 264. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02910197
  15. Chun, J.H., Han, S.J., Shin, D.H., Yi, H.I., and Kim, S.R., 2000, Paleoceanographic significance and characteristics of the late Pleistocene oxidized deposits during low sealevel period in the central Yellow Sea. Journal of the Geological Society of Korea, 36, 517-528.
  16. Ergin, M., 1996, Subaerially exposed late-Quaternary basinal shelf of the inner Mersin Bay, eastern Mediterranean: paleoenvironmental evidence. Geo- Marine Letters, 16, 95-100. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02202603
  17. Frey, R.W., Howard, J.D., Han, S.J., and Park, B.K., 1989, Sediments and sedimentary sequences on a modern macrotidal flat, Inchon, Korea. Journal of Sedimentary Petrology, 59, 28-44.
  18. Hardenbol, J., Thierry, J., Farley, M.B., Jacquin, T., de Graciansky, P.C., and Vail, P.R., 1998, Mesozoic and Cenozoic sequence chronostratigraphic framework of European basins. In de Graciansky, P.C., Hardenbol, J., Jacquin, T., Vail, P.R. (eds.), Mesozoic and Cenozoic Sequence Stratigraphy of European Basins, SEPM (Society for Sedimentary Geology) Special Publication, No. 60, SEPM, Tulsa, OK, USA, 3-13.
  19. Jin, J.H. and Chough, S.K., 1998, Partitioning of transgressive deposits in the SE Yellow Sea: a sequence stratigraphic interpretation. Marine Geology, 149, 79-92. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0025-3227(98)00023-1
  20. Jin, J.H., 2001, A sedimentological study of long sediment cores in the eastern Yellow Sea. Unpublished Ph.D. dissertation, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea, 173 p.
  21. Jin, J.H. and Chough, S.K., 2002, Erosional shelf ridges in the mid-eastern Yellow Sea. Geo-Marine Letters, 21, 219-225.
  22. Kim, D.S., Park, B.K., and Shin, I.C., 1999, Paleoenvironmental changes of the Yellow Sea during the late Quaternary. Geo-Marine Letters, 18, 189-194.
  23. Kim, J.M. and Kennett, J.P., 1998, Paleoenvironmental changes associated with the Holocene marine transgression, Yellow Sea (Hwanghae). Marine Micropaleontology, 34, 71-89. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0377-8398(98)00004-8
  24. Kim, Y.H., Lee, H.J., Chough, S.K., Chun, S.S., and Han, S.J., 1999, Holocene transgressive stratigraphy of a macrotidal flat in the southeastern Yellow Sea: Gomso Bay, Korea. Journal of Sedimentary Research, 69, 328- 337. https://doi.org/10.2110/jsr.69.328
  25. Korea Institute of Geoscience and Mineral Resources (KIGAM), 2004, Study on earth's environmental change using Quaternary sedimentary records: phase I, KIGAM Research Report (KR-04R-05). 221 p.
  26. Lee, H.J. and Yoon, S.Y., 1997, Development of stratigraphy and sediment distribution in the northeastern Yellow Sea during Holocene sea-level rise. Journal of Sedimentary Research, 67, 341-349.
  27. Li, C., Chen, Q., Zhang, J., Yang, S., and Fan, D., 2000, Stratigraphy and paleoenvironmental changes in the Yangtze delta during the late Quaternary. Journal of Asian Earth Science, 18, 453-469. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1367-9120(99)00078-4
  28. Lim, D.I., 2001, Late Quaternary Stratigraphy and sedimentology of tidal-flat deposits, western coast of Korea. Unpublished Ph.D. dissertation, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea, 303 p.
  29. Lim, D.I. and Park, Y.A., 2003, Late Quaternary stratigraphy and evolution of a Korean tidal flat, Haenam Bay, southeastern Yellow Sea, Korea. Marine Geology, 193, 177-194. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0025-3227(02)00663-1
  30. Lim, D.I., Jung, H.S., Yoo, H.S., Seo, J.M., and Paeng, W.H., 2003, Late Pleistocene Unconformity in Tidal- Flat Deposit of Gyeonggi Bay, Western Coast of Korea. Journal of the Korean Earth Science Society, 24, 657- 667.
  31. Liu, J.P., Milliman, J.D., Gao, S., and Cheng, P., 2004, Holoecene development of the Yellow River's subaqueous delta, north Yellow Sea. Marine Geology, 209, 45-67. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.margeo.2004.06.009
  32. Nichol, S.L. and Murray-Wallace, C.V., 1992, Apartially preserved last interglacial estuarine fill: Narrawallee Inlet, New South Wales. Australian Journal of Earth Science, 39, 545-555. https://doi.org/10.1080/08120099208728046
  33. Park, S.C. and Yoo, D.G., 1988, Depositional history of Quaternary sediments on the continental shelf off the southeastern coast of Korea (Korea Strait). Marine Geology, 79, 65-75. https://doi.org/10.1016/0025-3227(88)90157-0
  34. Park, S.C., Jang, K.M., and Lee, S.D., 1990, Highresolution seismic study of Modern fine-grained deposits: Inner shelf off the southeastern coast of Korea. Geo-Marine Letters, 10, 145-149. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02085929
  35. Park, Y.A., and Choi, K.S., 1998, Silty tidal rhythmites from the upper Pleistocene sedimentary sequence, western coast of Korea. Journal of the Korean Society of Oceanography, 33, 71-79.
  36. Park, Y.A., Lim, D.I., Khim, B.K., Choi, J.Y., and Doh, S.J., 1998, Stratigraphy and subaerial exposure of late Quaternary tidal deposits in Haenam Bay, Korea (southeastern Yellow Sea). Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science, 47, 523-533. https://doi.org/10.1006/ecss.1998.0381
  37. Park, Y.A., Choi, K.S., Doh, S.J., and Oh, J.H., 1999, Late Quaternary (Late Pleistocene and Holocene) stratigraphy and unconformity in the Kimpo tidal deposits, Kyunggi Bay, West coast of Korea. Korean Journal of Quaternary Research, 13, 79-89.
  38. Penland, S., Boyd, R., and Suter, J.R., 1988, The transgressive depositional systems of the Mississippi delta plain: a model for barrier shoreline and shelf sand development. Journal of Sedimentary Petrology, 58, 932-949.
  39. Plint, A.G., 1988, Sharp-based shoreface sequences and offshore bars in the Cardium Formation of Alberta; their relationship to relative changes in sea level. In Wilgus, C.K., Hastings, B.S., Kendall, C.G.St.C., Posamentier, H.W., Ross, C.A., Van Wagoner, J.C. (eds.), Sea level changes: an integrated approach. SEPM (Society for Sedimentary Geology) Special Publication No. 42, SEPM, Tulsa, OK, USA, 357-370.
  40. Plint, A.G. and Nummedal, D., 2000, The falling stage systems tract: recognition and importance in sequence stratigraphic analysis. In Hunt, D. and Gawthorpe, R.L. (eds.), Sedimentary response to forced regression. The Geological Society Special Publication No. 172, London, 1-17.
  41. Posamentier, H.W., Allen, G.P., James, D.P., and Tesson, M., 1992, Forced regressions in a sequence stratigraphic framework: concepts, examples, and exploration significance. AAPG Bulletin 76, 1687-1709.
  42. Qin, Y. and Zhao, S., 1991, Quaternary coastline changes in China. China Ocean Press, China, 192 p.
  43. Shinn, Y.J., Chough, S.K., Kim, J.W., and Woo, J., 2007, Development of depositional systems in the southeastern Yellow Sea during the postglacial transgression. Marine Geology, 239, 59-82. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.margeo.2006.12.007
  44. Skene, K.R., Raven, J.A., and Sprent, J.I., 1998, Cluster root development in Grevillea robusta (Proteaceae) I. Xylem, pericycle, cortex and epidermal development in a determinate root. New Phytologist, 138, 725-732. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1469-8137.1998.00140.x
  45. Suter, J.R., 2006, Facies models revisited: clastic shelves. In Posamentier, H.W. and Walker, R.G. (eds.), Facies models revisited. SEPM (Society for Sedimentary Geology) Special Publication No. 84, SEPM, Tulsa, OK, USA, 339-397.
  46. Wang, P., Zhang, J., and Gao, J., 1985, A close-up view of lowered sea-level microfauna from the east China and Huanghai Seas in the Late Pleistocene. In Wang, P. (ed.), Marine micropaleontology of China. China Ocean Press, Beijing, 256-264.
  47. Yim, W.W.-S., Ivanovich, M., and Yu, K.-F., 1990, Young age bias of radiocarbon dates in pre-Holocene marine deposits of Hong Kong and implications for Pleistocene stratigraphy. Geo-Marine Letters, 10, 165-172. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02085932

Cited by

  1. Monitoring of Tidal Sand Shoal with a Camera Monitoring System and its Morphologic Change vol.39, pp.3, 2015, https://doi.org/10.5916/jkosme.2015.39.3.326