References
- Kuhn I, Iversen A, Burman LG, Olsson-Liljequist B, Franklin A, Finn M, Aarestrup F, Seyfarth AM, Blanch AR, Taylor H, Caplin J, Moreno MA, Dominguez L, Mollby R. 2000. Epidemiology and ecology of enterococci, with special reference to antibiotic resistant strains, in animals, humans and the environment. Example of an ongoing project within the European research programme. Inter J Antimicrob Agents 14: 337-342. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0924-8579(00)00146-1
- Jett BD, Huycke MM, Gilnore MS. 1994. Virulence of enterococci. Clin Microbiol Rev 7: 462-478. https://doi.org/10.1128/CMR.7.4.462
- Moellering RC. 1992. Emergence of Enterococcus as a significant pathogen. Clin Infec Dis 14: 1173-1178. https://doi.org/10.1093/clinids/14.6.1173
- Linden PK, Miller CB. 1999. Vancomycin-resistant enterococci: the clinical effect of a common nosocomical pathogen. Diagn Micro Infec 33: 113-120. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0732-8893(98)00148-5
- Gin AS, Zhanel GG. 1996. Vancomycin-resistant enterococci. Annals Pharmacother 30: 615-624. https://doi.org/10.1177/106002809603000610
- Murray BE. 1990. The life and times of Enterococcus. Clin Microbiol Rev 3: 46-65. https://doi.org/10.1128/CMR.3.1.46
- Schaberg DR, Culver DH, Gaynes RP. 1991. Major trends in the microbial etiology of nosocomial infection. Am J Med 912: 72S-75S.
- Sternm CS, Carvalho Mda G, Teixeira LM. 1994. Chracterization of enterococci isolated from human and nonhuman sources in Brazil. Diagen Microbio Infec Dis 20: 61-67. https://doi.org/10.1016/0732-8893(94)90093-0
- Iwen PC, Kelly DM, Linder J, Hinrichs SH, Dominguez EA, Rupp ME, Patil KD. 1997. Change in prevalence and antibiotic resistance of Enterococcus species isolated from blood cultures over an 8-year period. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 41: 494-495.
- Uttley AHC, Collins CH, Naidoo J, George RC. 1988. Vancomycin-resistant enterococci. Lancet I: 57-58.
- Stobbering E, van den Bogaard A, London N, Driessen C, Top J, Willens R. 1999. Enterococci with glycopeptide resistance in turkeys, turkey farmers, turkey slaughterers, and urban residents in the south of the Netherlands: evidence for transmission of vancomycin resistance from animals to humans? Antimicrob Agents Chemother 43: 2215-2221.
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). 1993. Nosocomical enterococci resistant to vancomycin: United States, 1989-1993. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 42: 597-599.
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). 1995. Recommendations for preventing the spread of vancomycin resistance. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 44: 1-19.
- Al-Obeid S, Gutmann L, Shlaes DM, Williamson R, Collatx E. 1990. Comparison of vancomycin-inducible proteins from four strain of enterococci. FEMS Microbiol Lett 70: 101-106. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1574-6968.1990.tb03784.x
- van Caeseele P, Giercks S, Wylie J, Boyd D, Mulvey M, Amin S, Ofner-Agostini M. 2001. Identification of the first vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecalis harbouring vanE in Canada. Can Commum Dis Rep 27: 101-104.
- Chow JW, Kuritza A, Shlase DM, Green M, Sahm DF, Zervos MJ. 1993. Clonal spread of vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium between patients in three hospitals in two states. J Clin Microbiol 31: 1609-1611.
- Toye B, Shymanski J, Bobrowska M, Woods W, Ramotar K. 1997. Clinical and epidemiological significance of enterococci intrinsically resistant to vancomycin (prossessing the vanC genotype). J Clin Microbiol 35: 3166-3170.
- Mundt OJ. 1986. Enterococci. In Menual of Systematic Becteriology. Sneath PHA, Mair NS, Sharpe ME, Holt JG, eds. Bergey's Williams and Wilkins, Baltimore, MD, USA. Vol 2, p 1063-1065.
- Anonymous. 1992. EEC council directive of 16 June 1992 on milk hygiene (92/46EEC). Off J Eur Comm L268/1, 14.9. 1992.
- Mundt OJ. 1963. Occurrence of enterococci on plants in a wide environment. Appl Microbiol 11: 141-144.
- Franz CMAP, Holzapfeln WH, Stiles ME. 1990. Enterococci at the crossroads of food safety? Int J Food Microbiol 23: 119-123.
- Giraffa G. 2002. Enterococci from foods. FEMS Microbiol Rev 26: 163-171. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1574-6976.2002.tb00608.x
- Ben Omar N, Castro A, Lucas R, Abriouel H, Yousif NMK, Franz CMAP, Holzapfel WH, Perez-Pulido R, Martinez-Canmero M, Galvex A. 2004. Functional and safety aspects of Enterococci isolated from different Spanish foods. Syst Appl Microbiol 27: 118-130. https://doi.org/10.1078/0723-2020-00248
- Kang TM, Cho SK, Park JH. 2008. Antibiotic resistances of Enterococcus isolated from salad and sprout. Kor J Microbiol Biotechnol 36: 142-148.
- Kim SH, Kim JS, Park JH. 2007. Antibiotic resistance of Enterococcus isolated from the processed grain foods, Saesik and Sunsik. Food Sci Biotechnol 16: 470-476.
- Bae HJ, Lee JH, Oh SI. 2003. Effect of applying pretreatment methods before cooking for decreasing the microbiological hazard of cooked dried fish in foodservice establishments. Korean J Sci Food Cookery Sci 19: 555-561.
- Jones ME, Geus G, Ortisi G, Sahm DF, Critchley IA, Goglio A. 2002. Proficiency of Italian clinical laboratories in detecting reduced glycopeptide susceptibility in Enterococcus and Stapylococcus spp. using routine laboratory methodologies. Clin Microbiol Infect 8: 101-111. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1469-0691.2002.00378.x
- Sahm DF, Free L, Smith C, Eveland M, Mundy LM. 1997. Rapid characterization schemes for surveillance isolates of vancomycin-resistant enterococci. J Clin Microbiol 35: 2026-2030.
- Danbing KE, Picard FJ, Martineau F, Menard C, Roy PH, Ouellette M, Bergeron MG. 1999. Development of a PCR assay for rapid detection of enterococci. J Clin Microbiol 11: 3497-3503.
- Zarazaga M, Saenz Y, Portillo A, Tenorio C, Ruiz-Larrea F, Campo RD, Baquero F, Torres C. 1999. In vitro activities of ketolide HMR 3647, mactolides, and other antibiotics against Lactobacillus, Leuconostoc, and Pediococcus isolates. Antimicrob Agent Chemother 43: 3039-3041.
- National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards (NCCLS). 2008. Performance standards for antimicrobial susceptibility test; approved standards M2-A9 and M7-A7 8th ed. CLSI document. CLSI, Wayne, Pennsylvania 19087-1898 USA.
- Dukta-Malen S, Evers S, Courvalin P. 1995. Detection of glycopeptide resistance genotypes and identification to the species level of clinically relevant enterococci by PCR. J Clin Micribiol 33: 24-27.
- Korea Food & Drug Administration. Korea Food Code. http://www.kfda.go.kr. Accessed on Jan. 30, 2012.
- Yoon MY. 2008. Evaluation of lactic acid bacteria as starter cultures for fermented soymilk. PhD Dissertation. Korea University, Seoul, Korea. p 53.
- Kundtson LM, Hartman PA. 1993. Enterococci in pork processing. J Food Prot 56: 6-9. https://doi.org/10.4315/0362-028X-56.1.6
- Klein G, Park A, Reuter G. 1998. Antibiotic resistance patterns of enterococci and occurrence of vancomycin-resistant enterococci in raw minced beef and pork in Germany. Appl Environ Microbiol 64: 1825-1830.
- Cho YS, Lee HS, Kim JM, Ryu PD, Park YH, Yoo HS, Lee MH. 2003. Comparison of antimicrobial susceptibility of vancomycin resistant enterococci from animals and human. Kor J Vet Publ Hlth 27: 17-29.
- Randazzo CL, Restuccia C, Romano AD, Caggia C. 2004. Lactobacillus casei , dominant species in naturally fermented sicilian green olives. Int J Food Microbiol 90: 9-14. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0168-1605(03)00159-4
- Kang TM. 2008. Enterococcus microflora analysis for foods and antibiotic resistance. MS Thesis. Kyungwon University, Seongnam, Korea. p 23.
- Fackalm RR, Collins MD. 1989. Identification of Enterococcus species isolated from human infections by a conventional test scheme. J Clin Microbiol 27: 731-734.
- Klare I, Heier H, Claus H, Reissbrodt R, Witte W. 1995. vanA-mediated high-level glycopeptide resistance in Enterococcus faecium from animal husbandry. FEMS Microbiol Lett 125: 165-172. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1574-6968.1995.tb07353.x
- Pavia M, Nobile CGA, Salpietro L, Angellillo IF. 2000. Vancomycin resistance and antibiotic susceptibility of enterococci in raw meat. J Food Prot 7: 912-915.
- Gordts B, van Landuyt H, Ieven M, Vandamme P, Goossens H. 1995. Vancomycin-resistant enterococci colonizing the intestinal tracts of hospitalized patients. J Clin Microbiol 33: 2842-2846.
- Chadwick PR, Woodford N, Kaczmarski EB, Gray S, Barrell RA, Oppenheim, BA. 1996. Glycopeptide-resistant enterococci isolated from uncooked meat. J Antimicrob Chemother 38: 908-909. https://doi.org/10.1093/jac/38.5.908
- Bates J, Jordens JZ, Griffiths DT. 1994. Farm animals as a putative reservoir for vancomycin-resistant enterococci infection in man. J Antimicrob Chemother 34: 507-516. https://doi.org/10.1093/jac/34.4.507
- Seo KS, Song DJ, Gwyther MM, Park YH. 1999. Development of multiplex PCR for detection of vancomycin resistant enterococci (VRE) and epidemiological application in Korea. Korean J Vet Res 39: 343-352.
- Cho YS, Lee HS, Kim JM, Ryu PD, Park YH, Yoo HS, Lee MH. 2003. Comparison of antimicrobial susceptibility of vancomycin resistant enterococci from animals and human. Kor J Vet Publ Hlth 27: 17-29.
Cited by
- Characteristics and growth inhibition of isolated bacteriophages for Enterococcus faecalis vol.23, pp.4, 2014, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10068-014-0186-1
- Physiochemical and Quality Properties of Fermented Soybean Paste by Soybean Cultivars vol.32, pp.3, 2020, https://doi.org/10.12719/ksia.2020.32.3.239