Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture (한국조경학회지)

The Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture (한국조경학회)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Phosphorous Removal in a Free Water Surface Wetland Constructed on the Gwangju Stream Floodplain

광주천 고수부지에 조성한 자유수면인공습지의 인 제거

  • Yang, Hong-Mo (Dept. of Landscape Architecture, Chonnam National University)
  • Received : 2012.02.07
  • Accepted : 2012.02.20
  • Published : 2012.02.29
Download PDF
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

Removal rates of $PO_4-P$ and TP in a free water surface wetland system were investigated. The system was established in 2008 on a floodplain in the middle reach of the Gwangju Stream flowing through Gwangju City. Its dimensions were 46 meters in length and 5 meters in width. Two year old Typha angustifloria L. growing in pots were planted on half of the area and Zizania latifolia Turcz on the other half in 2008. Stream water was funneled into the wetlands by gravity flow, and its effluent was discharged back into the stream. The influent volume was controlled by valves and water depth was adjusted by wires. Volume and water quality of inflow and outflow were analyzed from January to December in 2010. Inflow into the system averaged approximately $710m^3/day$ and hydraulic residence time was about 1.5 hours. Average influent and effluent $PO_4-P$ concentration were 0.144 and 0.103mg/L, respectively, and $PO_4-P$ abatement amounted to 28.6%. Influent and effluent TP concentration averaged 0.333 and 0.262mg/L, respectively, and TP retention reached to 20.7%.$PO_4-P$ removal rate(%) during plant growing season(31.448) was significantly high(p<0.001) when compared with that during plant non-growing season(25.829). TP abatement rate(%) during plant growing season(27.230) was also significantly high(p<0.001) when compared with that of the non-growing season(14.856). Major phosphorous removals in the system resulted from adsorption of phosphorous in the litter-soil layers; sedimentation of particulate phosphorous and Ca, Al, Fe bounded phosphates; and absorption of phosphorous by emergent plants. The adsorption and sedimentation occurred throughout the year, however, the absorption took place during plant growing season. This resulted in higher removals of $PO_4-P$ and TP during plant growing season.

하천수를 정화하는 자유수면인공습지의 정수식물 성장기(4~9월)와 비성장기(1~3월과 10~12월)의 $PO_4-P$와 TP제거율을 비교 연구하였다. 실험 습지 시스템은 광주광역시를 흐르는 광주천 중류 고수부지에 2008년 조성되었으며, 길이 46m, 폭 5m 규모이다. 2008년 포트에서 2년 자란 부들(Typha angustifloria L.)과 줄(Zizania latifolia Turcz)을 시스템의 1/2씩 각각 식재하였다. 광주천의 물이 자연유하로 시스템에 유입되며, 처리수는 광주천으로 방류된다. 유입수의 양과 수심은 밸브와 위어(weir)로 조절할 수 있다. 유입수 및 유출수의 인 농도를 2010년 1월부터 12월까지 7~10일 간격으로 조사 분석하였다. 하루에 약 $710m^3$의 하천수가 시스템으로 유입되어, 체류시간은 약 1.5hr이었다. 조사기간 유입수와 유출수의 $PO_4-P$ 평균농도는 각각 0.144, 0.105mg/L이었으며, $PO_4-P$ 평균제거율은 28.1%였다. 유입수와 유출수의 TP평균농도는 각각 0.144, 0.105mg/L이었으며, TP 평균제거율은 20.7%를 보였다. t 검정결과, 정수식물 성장기의 $PO_4-P$ 제거율(31.448)이 비성장기 $PO_4-P$ 제거율(25.829)보다 높았으며(p<0.001), 정수식물 성장기의 TP 제거율(27.230)도 비성장기의 TP 제거율(14.856)보다 높게(p<0.001) 나타났다. 인공습지에서 인 제거는 잔재물-토양 층의 흡착, 입자성 인과 Ca, Fe, Al과 결합된 인산염의 침전, 그리고 정수식물의 흡수가 중요하다. 정수식물 성장기가 비성장기보다 $PO_4-P$와 TP의 제거율이 상대적으로 높은 원인은 흡착과 침전에 의한 인 제거는 계절에 관계없이 일어나나, 정수식물의 흡수는 성수식물 성장기에만 일어나기 때문이다.

Keywords

References

  1. 노희영, 최우정, 이은주, 윤석인, 최영대(2002) 시화지구 인공습지에서 갈대에 의한 질소와 인 흡수. 한국생태학회지 25(5): 359-364.
  2. 변찬우(2010) 경안천 고수부지에 조성한 금어천 생태적수질정화비오톱 시스템의 수질정화 및 생태복원 효과. 한국환경복원녹화기술학회지 13(3): 23-35.
  3. 양홍모(2003) 하천고수부지 수질정화 자유수면습지의 초기운영단계 인 제거. 한국환경농학회지 22(4):251-254.
  4. 환경부(2003) 수질오염공정시험방법.
  5. APHA(AmericanPublicHealthAssociation)(1999) Standard method for the examination of water and wastewater.
  6. EPA(U.S. Environmental Protection Agency)(1999) Free Water Surface Wetlands for Wastewater Treatment: A Technology Assessment.
  7. Gover, N.(1993) Constructed wetlands operate despite winter chill. Small Flows 7: 1-5.
  8. Hocking, P. J. (1989) Seasonal dynamics of production, nutrient accumulation, and cycling by Phragmites australis(Cav.) Trin ex Stuedel in a nutrient enriched swampin inland Australia.Part I: WholePlants. Australian Journal of Marine and Freshwater Research 40: 421-444. https://doi.org/10.1071/MF9890421
  9. Howard-Williams, C.(1985) Cycling and retention of nitrogen and phosphorus in wetlands: A theoretical and applied perspective. Freshw. Biol. 15:39-45.
  10. Kadlec, R. H.(1989) Wetlands for treatment of municipal wastewater. In: Majumdar, S. K., Brooks, R. P., Brenner, F. J.,Tiner, R. W. Jr. (Eds.), Wetlands Ecology and Conservation: Emphasisin Pennsylvania. The Pennsylvania Academy of Science, PA. pp. 300-314.
  11. Kadlec, R. H.(1994) Phosphorous uptake in Florida marshes. Wat. Sci. Technol. 30: 225-234.
  12. Kadlec, R. H. and R. L. Knight (1996) Treatment Wetlands. Boca Raton : CRC Press.
  13. Kadlec, R. H.(1999) The limits of phosphorous removal in wetlands. Wetlands Ecology and Management 7: 165-175. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1008415401082
  14. Kadlec, R. H. and S. D. Wallace(2009) Treatment Wetlands. Boca Raton: CRC Press.
  15. Klopatek, M.(1978) Nutrient dynamics of freshwater riverine marshes and the role of emergent macrophytes. In: Freshwater Wetlands: Ecological Processes and Management Potential, Good R. E., Whigham D. F., Simpson R. L.(eds.) Academic Press: New York, pp.195-216.
  16. Mitsch, W. J., X. Wu, R. W. Narin, P. E. Weihe, N. Wang, R. Deal, and C. E. Boucher(1998) Creating and restoring wetlands: A whole ecosystem experiment in self-design. BioScience 48(2): 1019-1030. https://doi.org/10.2307/1313458
  17. Narin, R. W. and W. J. Mitsch(2000) Phosphorous removal increated wetland ponds receiving river overflow. Ecological Engineering 14(2000): 107-126.
  18. Prenger J. P. and K. R. Reddy(2004) Microbial enzyme activities in an freshwater marsh after cessation of nutrient loading. Soil Science Society of America Journal 68: 1796-1804. https://doi.org/10.2136/sssaj2004.1796
  19. Reddy, K. R., G. A. O'Conner, and P. M. Gale(1998) Phosphorous sorption capacities of wetland soils and stream sediment impactedby dairy effluent. J. Environ. Quali. 27: 438-447.
  20. Reddy, K. R. and R. D. DeLaune(2008) Biochemistry of Wetlands, Boca Raton: CRC Press.
  21. Richardson, C. J. and C. B. Craft(1993) Efficient phosphorus retention in wetlands: Factorfiction? In: Moshiri, G. A.(Ed.), Constructed Wetlands for Water Quality Improvement, Boca Raton: CRC Press. pp. 271-282.
  22. Richardson, C.J. and P. E. Marshall(1986) Process controling movement, storage and export of phosphorous in a fenpeatland. Ecological Monographs 56: 279-302. https://doi.org/10.2307/1942548
  23. Richardson, C. J., S. Qian, C. B. Crafr and R. G. Qualls(1997) Predictive models for phosphorous retention in wetlands. Wetlands Ecology and Management 4:159-175.
  24. Yang, H.(1998) Ecological Design of Estuarine Environment for a Sustainable Urban Ecosystem. Ph.D Dissertation, University of California at Berkeley.
  25. Vymazal, J.(1995) Algae and Nutrient Cycling in Wetlands. Boca Raton: CRC Press.
  26. 河川環境管理財團(2000) 植生淨化施設の現狀と事例. 河川環境總合硏究所, Tokoy, Japan.

Cited by

  1. Assessment of Constructed Wetland of Removal Efficiency of Non-point Source Pollution by Rainfall Characteristics in Wolmun Stream vol.14, pp.1, 2014, https://doi.org/10.9798/KOSHAM.2014.14.1.327