The Journal of the Petrological Society of Korea (암석학회지)

The Petrological Society of Korea (한국암석학회)
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A Technical Note on Monitoring Methods for Volcanic Gases

화산가스의 채취 및 분석에 대한 기술보고

  • Lee, Seungyeol (Department of Geological Sciences, Pusan National University) ;
  • Lee, Sangchul (Department of Geological Sciences, Pusan National University) ;
  • Yang, Kyounghee (Department of Geological Sciences, Pusan National University) ;
  • Jeong, Hoon Young (Department of Geological Sciences, Pusan National University)
  • 이승열 (부산대학교 지질환경과학과) ;
  • 이상철 (부산대학교 지질환경과학과) ;
  • 양경희 (부산대학교 지질환경과학과) ;
  • 정훈영 (부산대학교 지질환경과학과)
  • Received : 2012.10.09
  • Accepted : 2012.11.26
  • Published : 2012.12.31
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Abstract

The monitoring methods for volcanic gases are divided into remote sensing and direct gas sampling approaches. In the remote sensing approach, COSPEC and Li-COR are used to measure $SO_2$ and $CO_2$, respectively, with FT-IR for detection of a range of volcanic gases. However, the remote sensing approach is not applicable to Mt. Baegdu, where the atmospheric contents of volcanic gases are very low as a result of the strong interaction of volcanic gases with the nearby surface water and groundwater. On the other hand, the direct gas sampling approach involves the collection of volcanic gases from volcanic vents or fumaroles and the subsequent laboratory analysis, thus making it possible to measure even very low levels of volcanic gases. The direct sampling approach can be subdivided into the evacuated bottle method and the flow-through bottle method. In applying both methods, sampling bottles typically contain reaction media to trap specific volcanic gases. For example, NaOH solution(Giggenbach bottle), $NH_4OH$ solution, and acid condensates have been experimented for volcanic gas sampling. Once taken from vents and fumaroles, the samples of volcanic gases are pretreated and subsequently analyzed for volcanic gases using GC, IC, HPLC, titrimetry, TOC-IC, or ICP-MS. Recently, there has been the increasing number of evidences on the potential volcanic activity of Mt. Baegdu. However, little technical development has been made for the sampling and analysis of volcanic gases in Korea. In the present work, we reviewed various volcanic gas monitoring methods, and provided the detailed information on the monitoring methods applied to Mt. Baegdu.

화산가스의 측정법은 크게 원격 측정법과 직접 채취법이 있다. 원격 측정법에서 COSPEC는 $SO_2$를, Li-COR는 $CO_2$를, FT-IR는 다양한 화산가스를 측정한다. 하지만 주변 수계의 영향으로 백두산의 화산가스 농도가 낮아 원격 측정법에 의한 화산가스의 분석은 불가능하다. 대신 직접 채취법은 화산체에서 분출하는 화산가스를 직접 채취해 분석하는 방법으로 화산가스의 농도가 낮은 백두산에 적용할 수 있다. 직접 채취법은 포집방법에 따라서 진공병법과 관류병법이 있으며, 포집용액에 따라 Giggenbach method, $NH_4OH$ method, acid condensate method로 나뉜다. 직접 채취법에 의해 얻은 시료는 전처리 과정을 거친 후 포집용액과 화산가스의 종류에 따라서 GC, IC, HPLC, 적정법, TOC-IC, ICP-MS 등을 이용해 분석한다. 최근 들어 백두산이 가까운 장래에 다시 분출할 것이라는 징후가 속속 보고되고 있다. 하지만, 현재 우리나라는 화산가스의 채취 및 분석법이 확립되지 않은 실정이다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 지금까지 보고된 다양한 화산가스의 측정법을 검토하고, 이들 중 백두산 화산가스의 측정에 활용 가능한 기법을 상술했다.

Keywords

Acknowledgement

Supported by : 기상기술개발관리단

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