Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers (대한환경공학회지)

Korean Society of Environmental Engineers (대한환경공학회)
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Fate and Transport of Viruses in Soil and Groundwater Environments

토양.지하수 환경에서 바이러스의 거동

  • Park, Jeong-Ahn (Department of Rural Systems Engineering, Seoul National University) ;
  • Yoon, Seo-Young (Department of Rural Systems Engineering, Seoul National University) ;
  • Kim, Song-Bae (Department of Rural Systems Engineering, Seoul National University)
  • 박정안 (서울대학교 지역시스템공학과) ;
  • 윤서영 (서울대학교 지역시스템공학과) ;
  • 김성배 (서울대학교 지역시스템공학과)
  • Received : 2012.07.06
  • Accepted : 2012.07.27
  • Published : 2012.07.30
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Abstract

Groundwater is widely used as drinking water supplies around the world. However, microbial contamination of groundwater is a serious environmental problem that degrades drinking water quality and poses a great threat to human health. Among the pathogenic microorganisms such as viruses, bacteria, and protozoa, viruses are not readily removed during transport through soils, having high mobility in groundwater environment due to their smaller size compared to bacteria and protozoa. Studies regarding the fate and transport of viruses in soils and aquifers are necessary to determine the vulnerability of groundwater to microbial contamination and to secure safe drinking water sources. Also, these studies provide important information to establish the regulations and policies related to public health. This review paper presented the field and laboratory studies conducted for the fate and transport of viruses in subsurface environments. Also, the paper provided the factors affecting the fate and transport of viruses, the characteristics of bacteriophages used for virus studies, and virus transport model/colloid filtration theory. Based on this review work, future researches should be performed actively to set up the viral protection zone for the protection of groundwater from viral contamination sources. Especially, the researches should be focused on the development of mathematical models to calculate the setback distance and travel time for the viral protection zone along with the accumulation of information related to the model parameters.

지하수는 전 세계적으로 널리 이용되는 음용수원이다. 하지만, 병원성 미생물에 의한 지하수 오염은 매우 심각한 환경문제로써 음용수의 수질을 저하시키고 인류의 건강을 위협한다. 지하수를 오염시키는 병원성 미생물은 바이러스, 세균, 원생동물 등이 있는데, 이중 바이러스는 박테리아나 원생동물보다 크기가 훨씬 작기 때문에 토양을 통과하는 과정에서 잘 제거되지 않고, 지하수 환경에서 이동성이 뛰어나다. 토양과 대수층에서 바이러스 거동 연구는 지하수의 병원성 미생물 오염 취약성을 판단하고 안전한 음용수원을 확보하는데 꼭 필요하다. 또한, 이러한 연구는 공중 보건을 위한 정책 및 규정을 제정하기 위한 중요한 정보를 제공한다. 본 논문에서는 최근까지의 지중 환경에서 바이러스 거동과 관련하여 수행된 연구들을 현장 조건에서 수행된 것과 실험실 조건에서 수행된 것으로 나눠 정리하였다. 또한, 이러한 연구들을 통해 알려진 바이러스의 거동에 영향을 미치는 인자들을 제시하였다. 그리고, 최근 바이러스 거동 연구에 널리 이용되는 박테리오파지의 특성을 정리하였고, 바이러스 거동을 모사하는데 이용되는 수학적 모델과 콜로이드 여과이론을 제시하였다. 지금까지의 연구결과를 바탕으로 향후 연구는 바이러스 오염원으로부터 지하수를 보호한다는 측면에서 바이러스 보호구역의 설정과 관련된 연구들이 활발히 진행되어야 할 것으로 판단된다. 특히, 바이러스 보호구역 설정과 관련하여 이격거리나 이동시간을 계산할 수 있는 수학적 모델을 개발하고 모델과 관련된 파라미터들의 정보를 축적하는데 집중되어야 할 것으로 판단된다.

Keywords

Acknowledgement

Supported by : 환경기술진흥원

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