Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture (한국환경농학회지)

The Korean Society of Environmental Agriculture (한국환경농학회)
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Current research trends for heavy metals of agricultural soils and crop uptake in Korea

우리나라 농경지 중금속 동태 및 작물흡수 연구동향

  • Lee, Ji-Ho (Chemical Safety Division, National Academy of Agricultural Science) ;
  • Kim, Ji-Young (Chemical Safety Division, National Academy of Agricultural Science) ;
  • Go, Woo-Ri (Chemical Safety Division, National Academy of Agricultural Science) ;
  • Jeong, Eun-Jung (Chemical Safety Division, National Academy of Agricultural Science) ;
  • Kunhikrishnan, Anitha (Chemical Safety Division, National Academy of Agricultural Science) ;
  • Jung, Goo-Bok (Climate Change & Agroecology Division, National Academy of Agricultural Science) ;
  • Kim, Doo-Ho (Chemical Safety Division, National Academy of Agricultural Science) ;
  • Kim, Won-Il (Chemical Safety Division, National Academy of Agricultural Science)
  • 이지호 (국립농업과학원 유해화학과) ;
  • 김지영 (국립농업과학원 유해화학과) ;
  • 고우리 (국립농업과학원 유해화학과) ;
  • 정은정 (국립농업과학원 유해화학과) ;
  • ;
  • 정구복 (국립농업과학원 기후변화생태과) ;
  • 김두호 (국립농업과학원 유해화학과) ;
  • 김원일 (국립농업과학원 유해화학과)
  • Received : 2012.03.09
  • Accepted : 2012.03.23
  • Published : 2012.03.31
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Abstract

BACKGROUND: Increase of heavy metals in agricultural ecosystem has become a social issue nationwide as it is related to public health. This review was performed to find out more systematic and integrated future researches on heavy metals using up to date articles published in the Korean journals related to agricultural environment. METHODS AND RESULTS: Researches on heavy metals in agricultural soils and plant uptake were categorized by the establishment of criteria, analytical methods, monitoring, management of source, characteristics and behavior in soil, plant uptake, bioavailability affecting physico -chemical properties in soil, risk assessment and soil remediation. In the early 1990s, the monitoring for heavy metals in soil has been widely performed. Accumulation of heavy metals in contaminated soil and availability to plants has also attracted interests to study the soil remediation using various physico-chemical methods. The phytoavailability and phytotoxicity of heavy metals have been mainly studied to assess the safety of agro-products using risk assessment techniques in the 2000s. CONCLUSION: Future direction of research on heavy metal in agricultural environment must be carried out by ensuring food safety and sustainability. A steady survey and proper management for polluted regions should be continued. Law and regulation must be modified systematically. Furthermore, studies should expand on mitigation of heavy metal uptake by crops and remediation of polluted fields.

Keywords

References

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  102. Kim, S.J., Lee, M.S., Ryu, T.K., Yang, C.H., Moon, K.H., Baek, S.H., 1994a. Variation of copper content in paddy soil and rice from Janghang smelter area, Korean J. Environ. Agric. 13(1), 1-9.
  103. Kim, S.J., Lee, M.S., Ryu, T.K., Kim, U.S., Yoon, K.W., Baek, S.H., 1994b. Variation of copper content in paddy soil and rice from Mangyeong river area, Korean J. Environ. Agric. 13(1), 10-18.
  104. Kim, S.J., Baek, S.H., Kim, U.S., Moon, K.H., Kang, G.W., 1994c. Variation of cadmium and zinc content in rice and soil of the Mangyeong river area, Korean J. Environ. Agric. 13(2), 142-150.
  105. Kim, B.Y., Lim, S.U., Park, J.H., 1994d. Influence of fly ash application on content of heavy metal in the soil I. content change by the application rate, Korean J. Soil Sci. Fert. 27(2), 65-71.
  106. Kim, B.Y., Lim, S.U., Park, J.H., 1994e. Influence of fly ash application on content of heavy metal in the soil II. content change by the successive application, Korean J. Soil Sci. Fert. 27(2), 72-77.
  107. Kim, B.Y., Jung, G.B., Lim, S.U., Park, J.H., 1994f. Influence of fly ash appliction on content of heavy metals in the soil III. content change in the rice and soybean by the application rate, Korean J. Soil Sci. Fert. 27(3), 220-225.
  108. Kim, B.Y., Lee, J.S., So, K.H., Cho, J.K., Park, J.H., 1995a. Influence of fly ash application on content of heavy metal in the soil IV. changes of the heavy metal content of the infilteration water at paddy field, Korean J. Soil Sci. Fert., 28(2), 130-134.
  109. Kim, B.Y., Jung, B.K., Choi, J.W., Yun, E.S., Choi, S., 1995b. Heavy Metals in Paddy Soil of Korea, Korean J. Soil Sci. Fert. 28(4), 295-300.
  110. Kim, S.J., Baek, S.H., Moon, K.H., 1996a. Fractionation of heavy metals and correlation with their contents in rice plant grown in paddy near smelter area. Korean J. Environ. Agric. 15(1), 1-10.
  111. Kim, Y.W., Yoon, C.H., Shin, B.S., Kim, K.S., 1996b. Effects of fly ash on heavy metal contents in percolated water of paddy soil, Korean J. Soil Sci. Fert. 29(3), 236-242.
  112. Kim, S.J., Baek, S.H., Moon, K.H., 1996c. A correlation between the fractionation of heavy metals in the paddy soil of the Mangyeong river basin and their uptake by rice plants grown on it, Korean J. Environ. Agric. 15(3), 372-382.
  113. Kim, S.J., Baek, S.H., Moon, K.H., Jang, K.H., Kim, S.J., 1998a. Distribution of heavy metals in soil at Iksan 1st industrial complex area, Korean J. Environ. Agric. 17(1), 48-53.
  114. Kim, J.G., Lee, C.H., Lee, W.S., Lim, S.K., 1998b. Effect of organic matter application on heavy metal uptake of infant rice seedling, Korean J. Environ. Agric. 17(2), 150-155.
  115. Kim, S.K., Lee, S.C., Min, G.G., Lee, S.P., Choi, B.S., Yeo, S.K., 1998c. Effects of copper and zinc on germination, chlorophyll and organic compounds in seedling of rice (Oryza sativa L.), Korean J. Soil Sci. Fert. 31(1), 51-55.
  116. Kim, J.G., Lim, S.K., Lee, S.H., Yoon, Y.M., Lee, C.H., Jeong, C.Y., 1999a. Evaluation of heavy metal pollution and plant survey around inactive and abandoned mining areas for phytoremedation of heavy metal contaminated soils. Korean J. Environ. Agric., 18(1), 28-34.
  117. Kim, S.J., Baek, S.H., Moon, K.H., Jang, K.H., Kim, S.J., 1999b. Distribution of heavy metals in soil at lksan 2nd industrial complex area, Korean J. Environ. Agric., 18(3), 250-258.
  118. Kim, M.H., Chang, M.I., Chung, S.Y., Sho, Y.S., Hong, M.K., 2000a. Trace metal contents in cereals, pulses, potatoes and their safety evaluation, J. Korean Soc. food Sci, nutr. 29 (3), 364-368.
  119. Kim, T.W., Lee, J.Y., Lee, Y.S., Hwang, S.W., Yoon, Y.S., 2000b. Polymine alleviates inhibition of $O_{2}$evolution by Cd for spinich, Korean J. Soil Sci. Fert., 33(4), 247-252.
  120. Kim, W.I., Jung, G.B., Kim, M.K., Park, K.L., Yun, S.G., 2001. Effects of cadmium concentration in soils on growth and cadmium uptake of vegetable, Korean J. Environ. Agric. 20(3), 175-179.
  121. Kim, W.I., Jung, G.B., Lee, J.S., Kim, J.H., Shin, J.D., Yun, S.G., 2003. Heavy metal contents in commercial horticultural growing media, Korean J. Environ. Agric. 22(3), 233-235. https://doi.org/10.5338/KJEA.2003.22.3.233
  122. Kim, M.K., Kim, W.I., Jeong, G.B., Park, G.L., Yun, S.G., Eom, G.C., 2004a. Effects of lime and humic acid on the cadmium availability and its uptake by rice in paddy soils, Korean J. Environ. Agric. 23(1), 28-33. https://doi.org/10.5338/KJEA.2004.23.1.028
  123. Kim, M.C., S.T. Song, and K.J. Hwang. 2004b. Evaluation of slurry, urine and fermented liquid manure at pig farms in Jeju area regarding chemical composition and pollution level, J. Anim. Sci. & Technol. 46(3):469-478. https://doi.org/10.5187/JAST.2004.46.3.469
  124. Kim, S.U., Choi, I.W., Seo, D.C., Han, M.H., Kang, B.H., Heo, J.S., Shon, B.K., Cho, J.S., 2005. Biosorption of heavy metal in aqueous solution by heavy metal tolerant microorganism isolated from heavy metal contaminated soil, Korean J. Environ. Agric. 24(4), 379-385. https://doi.org/10.5338/KJEA.2005.24.4.379
  125. Kim, K.R., Kim, K.H., Owens, G., Naidu, R., 2007a. Hyperaccumulation mechanism in plants and the effects of roots on rhizosphere soil chemistry-a critical review, Korean J. Soil Sci. Fert. 40(4), 280-291.
  126. Kim, K.R., Kim, K.H., Owens, G., Naidu, R., 2007b. Assessment techniques of heavy metal bioavailability in soil-a critical review, Korean J. Soil Sci. Fert. 40(4), 311-325.
  127. Kim, S.J., Jung, A.Y., Joo, J.H., 2007c. Lead tolerance profile of Pseudomanas stuzeri in liquid culture, Korean J. Environ. Agric. 26(4), 332-336. https://doi.org/10.5338/KJEA.2007.26.4.332
  128. Kim, W.I., Yang, J.E., Jung, G.B., Park. B.J., Park, S.W., Kim, J.K., Kwon, O.K., Ryu, G.H., 2007d. Bioavailability and safety issues of heavy metals in paddy soil-rice continuum in Korea, Food & Fertilizer Technology Bulletin 597.
  129. Kim, J.H., Han, K.H., Lee, J.S., 2008a. Unit loadings of heavy metals by non-point sources-case study in a valley watershed, Korean J. Environ. Agic. 27(1), 35-43. https://doi.org/10.5338/KJEA.2008.27.1.035
  130. Kim, D.Y., Lee, Y.J., Lee, J.K., Koo, N., Kim, J.G., 2008b. Growth response and arsenic uptake of whith clover(Trifolium repens) and evening primrose(Oenothera odorata) colonized with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in arsenic-contaminated soil, Korean J. Environ. Agic. 27(1), 50-59. https://doi.org/10.5338/KJEA.2008.27.1.050
  131. Kim, K.R., Owens, G., Naidu, R., Kim, K.H., 2008c. Influence of vetiver grass (Vetiveria zizanioides) on rhizosphere chemistry in long-term contaminated soils, Korean J. Soil Sci. Fert. 41(1), 55-64.
  132. Kim, W.I., Kim, M.S., Roh, K.A., Yun, S.G., Park, B.J., Jung, G.B., Kang, C.S., Cho, K.R., Ahn, M.S., Choi, S.C., Kim, H.J., Kim, Y.S., Nam, Y.K., Choi, M.T., Moon, Y.H., Uhm, M.J., Kim, H.K., Kim, H.W., Seo, Y.J., Kim, J.S., Choi, Y.J., Lee, Y.H., Lee, S.C., and Hwang, J.J., 2008d. Long-term monitoring study of heavy metal contents in paddy soils, Korean J. Soil Sci. Fert., 41(3):190-198.
  133. Kim, W.I., Park. B.J., Park, S.W., Kim, J.K., Kwon, O.K., Jung, G.B., Lee, J.K., Kim, J.G., 2008e. Relationship between fraction of Cd in paddy soils near closed mine and Cd in polished rice cultivated on the same fields, Korean J. Soil Sci. Fert. 41(3), 184-189.
  134. Kim, W.I., Kim, J.K., Yoo, J.H., Paik, M.K., Park, S.W., Kwon, O.K., Hong, M.K., Yang, J.E., Kim, J.G., 2009a. Risk assessment of As, Cd, Cu and Pb in different rice varieties grown on the contaminated paddy soil, Korean J. Soil Sci. Fert. 42(1), 53-57.
  135. Kim, K.R., Owens, G., Naidu, R., Kwon, S.I., Kim, K.H., 2009b. Lead induced organic acid exudation and citrate enhanced Pb uptake in hydroponic system, Korean J. Environ. Agic. 28(2), 146-157. https://doi.org/10.5338/KJEA.2009.28.2.146
  136. Kim, R.Y., Sung, J.K., Lee, J.Y., Kim, S.C., Jang, B.C., Kim, W.I., Ok, Y.S., 2010a. Choromium distribution in Korean soils: a review, Korean J. Soil Sci. Fert. 43(3), 296-303.
  137. Kim, K.R., Naidu, R., Kim, J.G., 2010b. Utilization of biosolid for enhanced heavy metal removal and biomass production in contaminated soils, Korean J. Soil Sci. Fert. 43(5), 558-564.
  138. Kim, K.R., Park, J.S., Kim, M.S., Koo, N.I., Lee, S.H., Lee, J.S., Kim, S.C., Yang, J.E., Kim, J.G., 2010c. Changes in heavy metal phytoavailability by application of immobilizing agents and soil cover in the upland soil nearby abandoned mining area and subsequent metal uptake by red pepper, Korean J. Soil Sci. Fert. 43(6), 864-871.
  139. Kim, W.I., Kim, J.J., Yoo, J.H., Kim, J.Y., Lee, J.H., Paik, M.K., Kim, R.Y., Im, G.J., 2010d. Arsenic fractionation and bioavailability in paddy soils near closed mines in Korea, Korean J. Soil Sci. Fert. 43(6), 917-922.
  140. Kim, R.Y., Sung, J.K., Lee, J.Y., Lee, Y.J., Jung, S.J., Lee, J.S., Jang, B.C., 2010e. Accumulation, mobility, and availability of copper and zinc in plastic film house soils using speciation analysis, Korean J. Soil Sci. Fert. 43(6), 973-944.
  141. Kim, M.S., Ham, K.J., Ok, Y.S., Gang, S.H., 2010f. Adsorption characteristics of cadmium ions from aqueous solution using by-product of brewing, Korean J. Environ. Agic. 29(2), 152-158. https://doi.org/10.5338/KJEA.2010.29.2.152
  142. Kim, H.J., You, R.B., Han, S.S., Woo, S.H., Lee, M.S., Baek, K.T., Chung, K.Y., 2010g. Effect of the various heavy metals on the growth and phosphorus (P) Removal capacity of the phosphorus accumulating microorganism(Pseudomonas sp.), Korean J. Environ. Agic. 29(2), 189-196. https://doi.org/10.5338/KJEA.2010.29.2.189
  143. Kim, J.Y., Kim, Y.J., Yoo, J.H., Lee, J.H., Kim, M.J., Kang, D.W., Im, G.J., Hong, M.K., Shin, Y.J., kim, W.I., 2011a. A study on the factors causing analytical errors through the estimation of uncertainty for cadmium and lead analysis in tomato paste, Korean J. Environ. Agic. 30(2), 179-188. https://doi.org/10.5338/KJEA.2011.30.2.169
  144. Kim, J.Y., Choi, N,G., Yoo, J.H., Lee, J.H., Lee, Y.G., Jo, K.K., Lee, C.H., Hong, S.M., Im, G.J., Hong, M.K., Kim, W.I., 2011b. Monitoring and risk assessment of cadmium and lead in agricultural products, Korean J. Environ. Agic. 30(3), 330-338. https://doi.org/10.5338/KJEA.2011.30.3.330
  145. Kim, K.H., Kim, Y.N., Lim, G.H., Lee, M.N., Jung, Y.H., 2011c. Expression of catalase (CAT) and ascorbate peroxidase (APX) in MuSI transgenic tobacco under cadmium stress, Korean J. Soil Sci. Fert., 44(1), 38-47. https://doi.org/10.7745/KJSSF.2011.44.1.038
  146. Kim, R.Y., Jung, G.B., Sung, J.K., Lee, J.Y., Jang, B.C., Yun, H.B., Lee, Y.J., Song, Y.S., Kim, W.I., Lee, J.S., Ha, S.K., 2011d. Understanding of a Korean standard for the analysis of hexavalent chromium in soils and interpretation of their results, Korean J. Soil Sci. Fert. 44(5), 727-733. https://doi.org/10.7745/KJSSF.2011.44.5.727
  147. Kim, R.Y., Sung, J.K., Lee, J.Y., Jang, B.C., Ha, S.K., Lee, J.S., 2011e. Influence of soil pH, total and mobile contents on copper and zinc uptake by lettuce grown in plastic film houses, Korean J. Soil Sci. Fert. 44(6), 1042-1047. https://doi.org/10.7745/KJSSF.2011.44.6.1042
  148. Koo, B.J., Chung, D.Y., 2005. Effects of biosolids on heavy metal bioavailability and organic acid production in rhizosphere of Zea mays L., Korean J. Soil Sci. Fert. 38(4), 173-179.
  149. Kwon, S.I., Jung, K.Y., Jung, G.B., Park, B.G., 2000. Distribution of chromium in radish and soil by successive leather processing sludge treatment, Korean J. Environ. Agric. 19(1), 20-25.
  150. Lee, J.H., 2001. Influences of sulfate and nitrate application on cadmium sorption in soils, Korean J. Environ. Agric. 20(5), 352-357.
  151. Lee, S.M., 2010. Effect of various biodegradable chelating agents on growth of plants under lead stress, Korean J. Environ. Agic., 28(4), 61-65.
  152. Lee, M.H., Kim, B.Y., 1985. The effect of Cd and Zn elements applied to soil on the growth and their uptake of corn plant, Korean J. Environ. Agric. 4(1), 11-17.
  153. Lee, S.R., Song, K.J., 1985. A survey on the heavy metal concentration of soil samples around Onsan industrial complex, Korean J. Environ. Agric. 4(2), 88-94.
  154. Lee, J.J., Choi, J., 1986a. Investigation of heavy metal (Zn, Cu, Cd, Pb) contents in the effluents, soils and plants at Keumho riverside, Korean J. Environ. Agric. 5(1), 24-29.
  155. Lee, J.J., Choi, J., 1986b. Heavy metal (Zn, Cu, Cd, Pb) distribution and its form of the sludges on Keumho river and her branches, Korean J. Environ. Agric. 5(1), 30-34.
  156. Lee, S.R., Song, K.J., 1986. A survey on the heavy metal concentrations of crop materials grown near Onsan industrial complex, Korean J. Environ. Agric. 5(1), 43-47.
  157. Lee, M.H., Lim, S.K., 1987. Behaviors of arsenic in paddy soils and effects of absorbed arsenic on physiological and ecological characteristic of rice plant. III Effect of water management on As uptake and the growth of tice plant at As added soil, Korean J. Environ. Agric., 6(1), 1-6.
  158. Lee, S.J., Kim, J.E., 1991a. Pollution of Pb in paddy field soil and plants at roadside areas - I. Pollution of Pb in paddy field soil and its chemical forms, Korean J. Environ. Agric. 10(1), 1-10.
  159. Lee, S.J., Kim, J.E., 1991b. Pollution of Pb in paddy field soil and rice plant at roadside areas - II. A study of the relationship between the content of Pb in paddy field soil and rice plant, Korean J. Environ. Agric. 10(2), 138-148.
  160. Lee, S.M., Cho, C.M., 1999. Transport characteristics of Cd, Cu and Zn in a sewage sludge - treated calcareous soil, Korean J. Soil Sci. Fert. 32(4), 412-420.
  161. Lee, S.M., Goh, T.B., 2000. Kinetic study of cadmium adsorption by sewage sludge, Korean J. Soil Sci. Fert. 33(1), 32-39.
  162. Lee, S.G., Kang, B.H., 2001. Feasibility of tobacco (nicotiana tabacum L.) for phytoremediation of soil contaminated with Zn and Cu, Korean J. Environ. Agric. 20(4), 211-217.
  163. Lee, J.S., Chon, H.T., 2005. Risk assessment of arsenic by human exposure of contaminated soil, ground water, and rice grain, Econ. Environ. Geol. 38(5), 535-545.
  164. Lee, J.H., Doolittle, J.J., 2006. Investigation of cadmium and zinc interactions in soils using desorption isotherms, Korean J. Environ. Agric. 25(2), 157-163. https://doi.org/10.5338/KJEA.2006.25.2.157
  165. Lee, M.H., Kim, B.J., Park, Y.S., Bin, Y.H., 1981. Studies on the method of cadmium analysis in paddy soils, Korean J. Soil Sci. Fert. 14(4), 230-235.
  166. Lee, M.H., Kim, K.S., Kim, B.Y., Han, K.H., 1984. Effect of lime application on growth and Cd uptake of paddy rice, Korean J. Soil Sci. Fert. 17(3), 258-264.
  167. Lee, M.H., Lim, S.K., Kim, B.Y., 1986a. Behaviors of arsenic in paddy soils and effects of absorbed arsenic on physiological and ecological characteristic of rice plant. I Distribution of arsenic fractions in paddy soils and their relatons to arsenic content in brown rice, Korean J. Environ. Agric. 5(1), 35-42.
  168. Lee, M.H., Lim, S.K., Kim, B.Y., 1986b. Behaviors of arsenic in paddy soils and effects of absorbed arsenic on physiological and ecological characteristic of rice plant. II Effect of As treatment on the growth and As uptake of rice plant, Korean J. Environ. Agric. 5(2), 95-100.
  169. Lee, M.H., Lim, S.K., Kim, B.Y., 1987. Behaviors of arsenic in paddy soils and effects of absorbed arsenic on physiological and ecological characteristic of rice plant. IV Effect of As content in water culture on transpiration, stomatal resistance, temperature and humidity in the leaves of rice plant, Korean J. Environ. Agric. 6(2), 39-45
  170. Lee, M.H., Lim, S.K., Park, Y.D., Lee, S.H., 1988. Behaviors of arsenic in paddy soils and effects of absorbed arsenic on physiological and ecological chracteristics of the rice plant. V Effect of arsenic added to soil on ecological characteristics of the rice plant, Korean J. Environ. Agric. 7(1), 21-25.
  171. Lee, J.J., Wada, H. Choi, J., 1990. Secretion characteristics of mugineic acid and its analogous phytosiderophore from high heavy metal - induced rice roots. Korean J. Environ. Agric. 9(1), 39-45.
  172. Lee, J.P., Park, N.K., Kim, B.J., 1994. Influence of heavy metal contents in soils near old zinc - mining sites on the growth of corn, Korean J. Environ. Agric. 13(3), 241-250.
  173. Lee, J.J., Choi, J., Chang, S.M., 1995a. Heavy metal adsorption on the natural zeolite saturated with cation, Korean J. Soil Sci. Fert. 28(1), 28-32.
  174. Lee, J.J., Chang, S.M., Choi, J., 1995b. Adsorption of heavy metal cations by Fe and Al hydroxides, Korean J. Soil Sci. Fert. 28(2), 105-113.
  175. Lee, J.J., Chang, S.M., Choi, J., 1995c. Mechanisms of humic acid-heavy metal complexation, Korean J. Soil Sci. Fert. 28(2), 114-122.
  176. Lee, J.P., Park, N.K., Park, S.D., Choi, B.S., Kim, B.J., 1996a. Effect of heavy metal contents in soils near old zinc - mining sites on the growth of and their uptake by soybean, Korean J. Environ. Agric. 15(3), 275-281.
  177. Lee, H.J., Jeong, I.H., Cho, J.S., Heo, J.S., 1996b. Degradation chracteristics of paper sludge and changes of heavy metals in soil, Korean J. Environ. Agric. 15(3), 296-305.
  178. Lee, H.J., Cho, J.S., Lee, W.K., Heo, J.S., 1997. Effects of municipal sewage and industrial wastewater sludge composts on chemical properties of soil and growth of corn plant, Korean J. Environ. Agric. 16(3), 220-226.
  179. Lee, D.B., Lee, K.B., Lee, S.B., Han, S.S., Henmi, T., 1998. Sorption of heavy metals from the wastewater by the artificial zeolite, Korean J. Soil Sci. Fert. 31(1), 61-66.
  180. Lee, D.B., Lee, K.B., Lee, S.B., Kim, J.D., Henmi, T., 1999. Effect of artificial granular zeolite (AGZ) on purification of heavy metals in wastewater and alleviation of rice seedling growth damage, Korean J. Soil Sci. Fert. 32(4), 446-451.
  181. Lee, D.H., Oh, S.G., Choi, C.L., Park, M., Choi, J., 2000a. Heavy metal removal in leaching water from the region buried tungsten tailing, Korean J. Environ. Agric., 19(3), 218-222.
  182. Lee, D.B., Henmi, T., Lee, K.B., Kim, J.D., 2000b. Studies on the production of artificial zeolite from coal fly ash and its utilization in agro-environment, Korean J. Environ. Agric. 19(5), 401-418.
  183. Lee, O.M., Jeong, J.H., Im, S.G., Kim, J.G., Og, Y.S., 2003. Soil-water partition coefficients for cadmium in some Korean soils, Korean J. Soil Sci. Fert. 36(4), 200-209.
  184. Lee, H.N., Og, Y.S., Kim, J.G., 2004. Screening of wintering Cd hyperaccumulators, Korean J. Soil Sci. Fert. 37(1), 14-18.
  185. Lee, J.Y., Hong, C.O., Lee, C.H., Lee, D.K., Kim, P.J., 2005. Dynamics of heavy metals in soil amended with oyster shell meal, Korean J. Environ. Agric. 24(4), 358-363. https://doi.org/10.5338/KJEA.2005.24.4.358
  186. Lee, J.H., Doolittle, J.J., Oh, B.T., 2006. Evaluation of sequential extraction techniques for selected heavy metal speciation in contaminated soils, Korean J. Environ. Agric. 25(3), 236-246. https://doi.org/10.5338/KJEA.2006.25.3.236
  187. Lee, H.Y., Hong, K.C., Lim, J.E., Joo, J.H., Yang, J.E., Ok, Y.S., 2009a. Adsorption of heavy metal lons from aqueous solution by chestnut shell, Korean J. Environ. Agic. 28(1), 69-74. https://doi.org/10.5338/KJEA.2009.28.1.069
  188. Lee, H.Y., Jeon, C.,Lim, K.J., Hong, K.C., Lim, J.E., Choi, B.S., Kim, N.W., Yang, J.E., Ok, Y.S., 2009b. Adsorption characteristics of heavy metals ions onto chemically modified rice husk and sawdust from aqueous solutions, Korean J. Environ. Agic. 28(2), 158-164. https://doi.org/10.5338/KJEA.2009.28.2.158
  189. Lee, Y.H., Lee, S.T., Heo, J.Y., Kim, M.G., Hong, K.P., Kim, E.S., Song, W.D., Rho, C.W., Lee, J.H., Jeon, W.T., Ko, B.G., Rho, K.A., Ha, S.K., 2010a. Monitoring of heavy metal contents from paddy soil in Gyeongnam Province, Korean J. Soil Sci. Fert. 43(3), 289-295.
  190. Lee, J.S., Kim, Y.N., Kim, K.H., 2010b. Suitability assessment for agriculture of soils adjacent to abandoned mining areas using different human risk assessment models, Korean J. Soil Sci. Fert. 43(5), 674-683.
  191. Lee, J.H., Kim, W.I., Jeong, E.J., Yoo, J.H., Kim, J.Y., Lee, J.B., Im, G.J., Hong, M.K., 2011a. Assessment of health risk associated with arsenic exposure from soil, groundwater, polished rice for setting target cleanup level nearby abandoned mines, Korean J. Soil Sci. Fert. 44(1), 38-47. https://doi.org/10.7745/KJSSF.2011.44.1.038
  192. Lee, S.E., Ahmad, M., Usman,A.A.R.A., Awad, Y.M., Min, S.H., Yang, J.E., Lee, S.S., Ok, Y.S., 2011b. Effects of biochar on soil quality and heavy metal availability in a military shooting range soil in Korea, Korean J. Soil Sci. Fert. 44(1), 67-77. https://doi.org/10.7745/KJSSF.2011.44.1.067
  193. Lee, J.H., Kim, W.I., Jung, E.J., Yoo, J.H., Kim, J.Y., Paik, M.K., Park, B.J., Im, G.J., Hong, M.K., 2011c. Arsenic contamination of polished rice produced in abandoned mine areas and Its potential human risk assesment using probabilistic techniques, Korean J. Environ. Agic. 30(1), 43-51. https://doi.org/10.5338/KJEA.2011.30.1.43
  194. Lee, J.H., Go, W.R., Kunhikrishnan, A., Yoo, J.H., Kim, J.Y., Kim, W.I., 2011d. Chemical composition and heavy metal contents in commercial liquid pig manures, Korean J. Soil Sci. Fert. 44(6), 1085-1088. https://doi.org/10.7745/KJSSF.2011.44.6.1085
  195. Lee, J.H., Kim, W.I., Jeong, E.J., Yoo, J.H., Kim, J.Y., Lee, J.B., Im, G.J., Hong, M.K., 2011e. Assessment of health risk associated with arsenic exposure from soil, groundwater, polished rice for setting target cleanup level nearby abandoned mines, Korean J. Soil Sci. Fert. 44(1), 38-47. https://doi.org/10.7745/KJSSF.2011.44.1.038
  196. Lee, J.H., Jeong, E.J.,Im, G.J., Hong, M.K., Kim, W.I., 2011f. Human HaCaT cell toxicity associated with oxidative stress on the polished rice grown adjacent to abandoned mines and potential health risk through rice intake, J. Korean Soc. Appl. Biol. Chem. 54(6), 978-985. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF03253189
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