Journal of the Korean Society for Marine Environment & Energy (한국해양환경ㆍ에너지학회지)

The Korean Society for Marine Environment and Energy (한국해양환경•에너지학회)
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Effective Costal Environmental Management by Conjugation of Modeling of Bio-Purification and Total Allowable Pollutant Loads in Masan Bay

생물정화기작과 총허용오염부하량을 연계한 마산만의 효율적 해양환경 개선방안

  • Eom, Ki-Hyuk (Marine Environmental Impact Assessment Center, National Fisheries Research & Development Institute) ;
  • Kim, Gui-Young (Marine Environmental Impact Assessment Center, National Fisheries Research & Development Institute) ;
  • Lee, Won-Chan (Marine Environment Research Division, National Fisheries Research & Development Institute) ;
  • Lee, Dae-In (Marine Environmental Impact Assessment Center, National Fisheries Research & Development Institute)
  • 엄기혁 (국립수산과학원 해역이용영향평가센터) ;
  • 김귀영 (국립수산과학원 해역이용영향평가센터) ;
  • 이원찬 (국립수산과학원 어장환경과) ;
  • 이대인 (국립수산과학원 해역이용영향평가센터)
  • Received : 2012.01.02
  • Accepted : 2012.01.17
  • Published : 2012.02.25
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Abstract

This study carried out current status, characteristics, and problems of coastal environment management on semi-enclosed Masan Bay in Korea and suggests cost-effective and eco-friendly water quality management policy. The pollutants from terrestrial sources into the Bay have apparently environmental pollution problems, such as eutrophication, red tide, and hypoxia. The carrying capacity of the Bay is estimated by hydrodynamic model and ecosystem model, material circulation including bivalve in ecosystem is analyzed by the growth model of bivalve. The resulting reduction in the input load was found to be 50~90%, which is unrealistic. When the efficiency of water quality improvement through bivalve farming was assessed based on the autochthonous COD, 30.7% of the total COD was allochthonous COD and 69.3% was autochthonous COD. The overall autochthonous COD reduction rate by bivalve aquaculture farm was found to be about 6.7%. This study indicate that bivalve farming is about 31% less expensive than advanced treatment facilities that remove both nitrogen and phosphorous.

마산만은 폐쇄성이 강하여 해수유통이 원활하지 못해 소량의 오염물질이 유입되어도 외해로 확산되지 못하고 만내에 계속 머물게 되어 해역의 오염이 가중되고 있고, 만내에서 증식한 식물플랑크톤과 하천을 통하여 유입된 오염물질은 해저에 침강되어 분해·무기화를 거쳐 영양염이 다시 수중으로 공급되어 부영양화, 적조, 빈산소 등을 유발하여 생태계 건강도를 악화시키고 있다. 이러한 마산만의 해양환경개선을 위해 해수유동모델(COSMOS)과 생태계모델(EUTRP2)을 이용하여 환경용량을 산정하고 이매패의 개체군 성장모델을 연계하여 이매패를 포함한 생태계내 물질 순환 구조를 해석하여 이매패의 수질정화 효과를 분석함으로써 비용효과적이고 친환경적인 내만수질개선방안을 도출하고자 한다. 육상오염원의 효과적인 관리 방안으로 환경용량 산정을 통해 시나리오별 유입부하 삭감에 의한 수질관리 방안은 유입부하의 50~90%에 해당하는 비현실적인 삭감량이 제시된다. 마산만의 자생 COD를 평가한 결과 총 COD의 30.7%가 외부유입에 의한 COD이고 69.3%가 자생 COD에 의한 것으로 계산되었다. 이는 마산만의 수질관리에 있어 유기물의 공급원에 대한 제어뿐만 아니라, 자생 COD를 증가시키는 영양염의 유입원에 대한 제어가 필수적이라는 것을 의미한다. 마산만의 자생 COD를 유발하는 영양염류를 제거하기 위해 현재 상황에서 적용가능한 고도처리 증설의 비용을 산정하여 이매패류에 의한 생물정화 효과와의 경제성을 비교분석해 본 결과 20년 동안의 총 비용에 있어 질소를 제거하기 위한 질산화탈질법 906억원, 인을 제거하기 위한 화학침전법은 559억, 이매패류 양식은 461억원으로 산정되어 이매패류 양식은 질소와 인을 같이 제거하는 고도처리 도입에 비해서는 약 1/3의 비용이 소요되는 것으로 나타났다.

Keywords

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