Korean Chemical Engineering Research

The Korean Institute of Chemical Engineers (한국화학공학회)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

A Study on Synthesis of Glycidol Based Nonionic Surfactant

글리시돌을 원료로 한 비이온 계면활성제 합성에 관한 연구

  • 임종주 (동국대학교-서울 화공생물공학과) ;
  • 김병조 (에이케이켐텍(주) 중앙연구소) ;
  • 최규용 (에이케이켐텍(주) 중앙연구소)
  • Received : 2011.07.21
  • Accepted : 2011.08.15
  • Published : 2012.04.01
Download PDF
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

The PGLE and PGLE3 nonionic surfactants were synthesized from the reaction between glycidol and lauryl acid and their structures were confirmed by $^1H$ and $^{13}C$ NMR analysis. The CMCs of PGLE and PGLE3 surfactants were found to be $3.59{\times}10^{-2}$ mol/L and $8.80{\times}10^{-2}$ mol/L respectively and the surface tensions at their CMC conditions were 26.09 mN/m and 28.68 mN/m respectively. Dynamic surface tension measurement has shown that the adsorption rate of surfactant molecules at the interface between air and surfactant solution was found to be relatively fast in both surfactant systems, presumably due to high mobility of surfactant molecules. The contact angles of PGLE and PGLE3 nonionic surfactants were $25.5^{\circ}$ and $9.5^{\circ}$ respectively. Dynamic interfacial tension measurement showed that both surfactant systems reached equilibrium in 20 minutes and the interfacial tensions at equilibrium condition in both systems were 0.42 mN/m and 0.53 mN/m respectively. The PGLE surfactant system has indicated higher foam stability than the PGLE3 surfactant system, which is consistent with surface tension measurement. The phase behavior experiments performed at $25{\sim}60^{\circ}C$ in systems containing nonionic surfactant, water, n-hydrocarbon oil and cosurfactant showed a lower phase or oil in water microemulsion in equilibrium with excess oil phase at all conditions investigated during this study.

글리시돌과 라우릭산으로부터 PGLE와 PGLE3 비이온 계면활성제를 합성하였으며, 합성한 계면활성제들의 구조를 $^1H$ 및 $^{13}C$ NMR 분석을 통하여 확인하였다. PGLE와 PGLE3 비이온 계면활성제의 CMC는 각각 $3.59{\times}10^{-2}$ mol/L, $8.80{\times}10^{-1}$ mol/L이며, CMC에서의 표면장력 값은 각각 26.09 mN/m과 28.68 mN/m이었다. 동적 표면장력 측정 결과에 의하면 PGLE와 PGLE3 비이온 계면활성제 모두, 공기와 수용액의 계면이 계면활성제 단분자에 의하여 비교적 짧은 시간 내에 포화되었으며, 1 wt% PGLE와 PGLE3 계면활성제 시스템들의 접촉각은 각각 $25.5^{\circ}$와 $9.5^{\circ}$ 나타내었다. 비극성 오일 n-decane과 1 wt% 계면활성제 수용액 사이의 계면장력은 시간에 따라 감소하며, PGLE와 PGLE3 시스템 모두 20분 이내에 평형에 도달하였고, 평형에서의 계면장력 값은 각각 0.42 mN/m와 0.53 mN/m를 나타내었다. PGLE 비이온 계면활성제가 PGLE3 비이온 계면활성제에 비하여 거품 안정성이 큼을 확인하였으며, 이러한 거품 안정성 측정 결과는 표면장력 측정 결과와도 일치하였다. 계면활성제, 물, 비극성 탄화수소 오일로 이루어진 3성분 시스템에 보조계면활성제를 첨가하여 $25{\sim}60^{\circ}C$의 온도에서 상평형 실험을 수행한 결과, lower phase 마이크로에멀젼 혹은 oil in water 마이크로에멀젼이 excess oil 상과 평형을 이루는 2상 영역만이 관찰되었다.

Keywords

Acknowledgement

Supported by : 한국연구재단

References

  1. Cutler, W. G. and Kissa, E., "Detergency : Theory and Technology, Surfactant Science Series," 20, 1, Marcel Dekker, New York (1987).
  2. Schwartz, A. M., "The Physical Chemistry of Detergency ed. E. Matijevic," Surface Colloid Sci., 195, Wiley, New York(1972).
  3. Miller, C. A., Neogi, P., Interfacial Phenomena: Equilibrium and Dynamic Effects, Surfactant Science Series, 17, 150, Marcel Dekker, New York(1985).
  4. Ko, H. K., Park, B. D. and Lim, J. C., "Studies on Phase Bahavior in Systems Containing NP Series Nonionic Surfactant, Water, and D-Limonene," J. Kor. Ind. Eng. Chem., 11(6), 679-686(2000).
  5. Ko, H. K., Lee, J. K., Park, S. J., Park, B. D., Hong, J. K., Park, S. K. and Lim, J. C., "Phase Behavior Study in Systems Containing AEO Nonionic Surfactant, Cosurfactant, Water, and Oil," HWAHAK KONGHAK, 40(3), 316-323(2002).
  6. Lee, J. G., Bae, S. S., Cho, I. S., Park, S. J., Park, B. D., Park, S. K. and Lim, J. C., "Effect of Cosurfactant on Microemulsion Formation and Cleaning Efficiency in Systems Containing Alkyl Ethoxylates Nonionic Surfactant, D-Limonene and Water," J. Kor. Ind. Eng. Chem., 16(5), 664-671(2005).
  7. Lee, J. G., Bae, S. S., Cho, I. S., Park, S. J., Park, B. D., Park, S. K. and Lim, J. C., "Effect of Solvents on Phase Behavior and Flux Removal Efficiency in Alkyl Ethoxylates Nonionic Surfactant Based Cleaners," J. Kor. Ind. Eng. Chem., 16(5), 677-683 (2005).
  8. Lim, J. C., "Effect of Cosurfactant on Intermediate Phase Formation in Systems Containing Alkyl Ethoxylate Nonionic Surfactant, Water and Lubricant," J. Kor. Ind. Eng. Chem., 16(6), 778-784(2005).
  9. Lim, J. C., "Solubilization of Hydrocarbon Oils by $C_{12}E_8$ Nonionic Surfactant Solution," Korean Chem. Eng. Res.(HWAHAK KONGHAK), 45(3), 219-225(2007).
  10. Bae, M. J. and Lim, J. C., "Solubilization Mechanism of Hydrocarbon Oils by Polymeric Nonionic Surfactant Solution," Korean Chem. Eng. Res.(HWAHAK KONGHAK), 47(1), 24-30(2009).
  11. Bae, M. J. and Lim, J. C., "Dynamic Behavior Study in Systems Containing Nonpolar Hydrocarbon Oil and $C_{12}E_5$ Nonionic Surfactant," Korean Chem. Eng. Res.(HWAHAK KONGHAK), 47(1), 46-53(2009).
  12. Lee, S., Kim, B. J., Lee, J. G. and Lim, J. C., "Synthesis and Characterization of Interfacial Properties of Sorbitan Laurate Surfactant," Appl. Chem. Eng., 22(1), 37-44(2011).
  13. Rang, M. J., Kim, J. D., Oh, S. G., Lee, B. M., Lim, J. C., Hong, J. D., Kang, H. H. and Lee, J. G., The Recent Research Trends in Colloid and Surface Chemistry, 45, KOSFT, Seoul(2007).
  14. Bae, M. J. and Lim, J. C., "Dynamic Behavior Study Using Videomicroscopy in Systems Containing Nonpolar Hydrocarbon Oil and $C_{10}E_5$ Nonionic Surfactant Solution," J. Kor. Ind. Eng. Chem., 20(5), 473-478(2009).
  15. Mitchell, D. J., Tiddy, G. J. T., Waring, L., Bostock, T. and Macdonald, M. P., "Phase Behaviour of Polyoxyethylene Surfactants with Water. Mesophase Structures and Partial Miscibility (Cloud Points)," J. Chem. Soc. Faraday Trans., 79(1), 975-1000(1983). https://doi.org/10.1039/f19837900975
  16. Ghosh, O. and Miller, C. A., "Liquid-Crystalline and Microemulsion Phase Behavior in Alcohol-Free Aerosol-OT/Oil/Brine Systems," J. Phys. Chem., 91(17), 4528-4535(1987). https://doi.org/10.1021/j100301a022
  17. Lee, S. K., Han, J. W., Kim, B. H., Shin, P. G., Park, S. K. and Lim, J. C., "Solubilization of Sulfur Compounds in the Diesel Oil by Nonionic Surfactants," J. Kor. Ind. Eng. Chem., 10(4), 537-542(1999).
  18. Bae, M. J. and Lim, J. C., "Solubilization Mechanism of n-Octane by Polymeric Nonionic Surfactant Solution," J. Kor. Ind. Eng. Chem., 20(1), 15-20(2009).
  19. Lim, J. C., "Effect of Formation of Calcium Soap or Calcium Carbonate on Foam Stability in Aqueous Surfactant Systems," J. Kor. Ind. Eng. Chem., 15(8), 929-935(2004).
  20. Lai, K. Y. and Dixit, N., Foams: Theory, Measurements, and Applications, eds. Prudhomme, R. K. and Khan, S. A. 57, 315, Surfactant Science Series, Marcel Dekker, New York(1996).
  21. Exerowa, D. and Kruglyakov, P. M., Foam and Foam Films: Theory, Experiment, Application, 5, 1, Studies in Surface Science, Elsevier, Amsterdam(1988).
  22. Garrett, P. R., Defoaming: Theory and Industrial Application, ed. Garrett, P. R. 45, 1, Surfactant Science Series, Marcel Dekker, New York(1993).

Cited by

  1. Fatty alcohol을 이용한 음이온 술폰산계 계면활성제의 합성 및 물성 vol.35, pp.3, 2012, https://doi.org/10.12925/jkocs.2018.35.3.579
  2. 사코진과 타우린을 이용한 음이온 계면활성제의 합성 및 물성 vol.30, pp.1, 2012, https://doi.org/10.14478/ace.2018.1099