Phonetics and Speech Sciences (말소리와 음성과학)

Korean Society of Speech Sciences (한국음성학회)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

The Prosodic Characteristics of Children with Cochlear Implant with Respect to the Articulation Rate, Pause, and Duration

인공와우이식 아동의 운율 특성 - 조음속도와 쉼, 지속시간을 중심으로 -

  • 오순영 (충남대학교 언어병리학과) ;
  • 성철재 (충남대학교 언어학과)
  • Received : 2012.08.11
  • Accepted : 2012.10.19
  • Published : 2012.12.31
Download PDF
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

This research reports the prosodic characteristics (including articulation speech rate, pause characteristics, duration) of children with cochlear implants with reference to those of children with normal hearing. Subjects are 8-to 10-year-old children, balancing each number of gender as 24. Dialogue speech data are comprised of four types of sentence patterns. Results show that 1) there's a statistically meaningful difference on articulation speech rate between the two groups. 2) On pauses, they are not observed in exclamatory and declarative sentences in normal children. While imperative sentences show no statistical difference on the number of pauses between the two groups, interrogative sentences do. 3) Declarative, exclamatory, and interrogative sentences reveal statistical difference between the two groups in terms of the sentence's final two-syllable word duration, showing no difference on imperative sentences. 4) When it comes to the RFP (duration ratio of sentence final syllable to penultimate syllable), we no statistically meaningful difference between the two groups in all types of sentences exists. 5) Lastly, RWS (the ratio of sentence final two syllable word duration to that of whole sentence duration) shows statistical difference between two groups in imperative sentences, but not in all the rest types.

Keywords

References

  1. Ko, H. J., Kim, S. H. & Kim, J. J. (2003). Prosodic characteristics of politeness in Korean, Malsori, Vol. 45, 15-22. (고현주, 김상훈, 김종진 (2003). 한국어에서의 공손함을 나타내는 운율적 특성에 관한 연구, 말소리, 45호, 15-22.)
  2. Kim, S. C. (2009). A preliminary study on relationship between speech rate and prosodic unit generation in Korean read speech, Korean Journal of Linguistics, Vol. 53, 225-253. (김선철 (2009). 발화속도에 따른 운율 단위의 빈도 변이에 대한 시험적 연구, 언어학, 53호, 225-253.)
  3. Kim, S. H. (2005). A study on the durational characteristics of Korean distant-taking speech, Malsori, Vol. 54, 1-14. (김선희 (2005). 한국어 원거리 음성의 지속시간 연구, 말소리, 54호, 1-14.)
  4. Kim, J. Y. (2003). Production of sentence-final rising and falling intonation contours of children with profoundly hearing impairment and normally hearing children, MA dissertation, Ewha Womans University. (김진영 (2003). 최중도 청각장애아동과 건청아동의 올림조와 내림조 억양의 산출 비교, 이화여자대학교석사학위논문.)
  5. Seong, C. J. (1998). The prosodic analysis of Korean dialogue speech-compared to read speech, Hanguel, Vol. 239, 75-94. (성철재 (1998). 한국어 대화체 음성의 운율 분석 - 낭독체와의 비교를 통하여, 한글, 239호, 75-94.)
  6. Oh, S. Y. (2011). The prosodic characteristics of children with cochlear implant - with respect to speech rate and intonation slope, MA dissertation, Chungnam National University. (오순영 (2011). 인공와우이식 아동의 운율 특성 - 발화속도와 억양기울기를 중심으로, 충남대학교 석사학위논문.)
  7. Oh, S. Y., Seong, C. J. & Choi, E. A. (2011). The prosodic characteristics of children with cochlear implant - with respect to speech rate and intonation slope, Phonetics and Speech Sciences, Vol.3, No. 3, 157-165. (오순영, 성철재, 최은아 (2011). 인공와우이식 아동의 운율 특성 - 발화속도와 억양기울기를 중심으로, 말소리와 음성과학, 3권 3호, 157-165.)
  8. Yoon, M.. S., Sim, H. S., Cho, E. K., Jang, S. O. & Kim, J. S. (2001). Predictor variables of speech intelligibility in prelingually deafened chihdren with cochlear implants, Proc. of 3rd Asia Pacific Symposium in Cochlear Implants and Related Science, 84-89. (윤미선, 심현섭, 박현영, 조응경, 장선오, 김종선 (2001). 와우이식 후 아동의 말 명료도에 영향을 주는 와우이식 관련 요인. 아시아-태평양 와우이식 및 관련 과학 심포지엄 논문집, 84-89.)
  9. Yoon, M. S. (2004). Speech rate and pause characteristics of adults with hearing impairment, Korean Journal of Communication Disorders, Vol. 9, No. 1, 15-29. (윤미선 (2004). 청각장애인과 건청인의 말속도와 쉼 특성 비교, 언어청각장애연구, 9권, 1호, 15-29.)
  10. Yoon, M. S. (2004). The comparison of fundamental frequencies of children with different hearing level, Malsori, Vol. 52, 49-60. (윤미선 (2004). 청력수준에 따른 초등학교 아동의 기본주파수 비교, 말소리, 52호, 49-60.)
  11. Lee, S, H. (1998). On vowel and syllable duration related to prosodic structure in Korean, Malsori, Vol. 35-36, 13-24. (이숙향 (1998). 한국어 운율구조와 관련한 모음 및 음절길이, 말소리, 35-36호, 13-24.)
  12. Lee, S, H., Ko, H. J. & Kim, S. J (2007). Prosody of cerebral palsic adults' speech, 2007 Conference of the Korean Society of Speech Sciences, 49-51. (이숙향, 고현주, 김수진 (2007). 뇌성마비 성인 발화의 운율 특징, 2007년도 한국음성과학회 공동학술대회 발표논문집, 49-51.)
  13. Choi, E. A., Park, H. S. & Seong, C. J. (2010). The phonatory characteristics of voice in profoundly hearing-impaired children: with reference to F0, intensity and their perturbation. Phonetics and Speech Sciences, Vol. 2, No. 1, 135-145. (최은아, 박한상, 성철재 (2010). 심도 청각장애 아동의 발성 특성: 강도, 음도 및 그 변동률을 중심으로, 말소리와 음성과학, 2권 1호, 135-145.)
  14. Choi, H. J. (2001). Oral reading rate and features of pauses of profoundly hearing-impaired and normally hearing children at school age, MA dissertation, Ewha Womans University. (최현주 (2001). 심도 청각장애아동과 정상아동의 소리내어 읽기 속도와 쉼 특성 비교, 이화여자대학교 석사학위논문.)
  15. Jeong, H. I. (2010). Comparison of acoustic properties in Korean dipthongs between the cochlear implant children and the normal hearing children, MA dissertation, Daegu University. (정행임 (2010). 인공와우 이식 아동과 건청 아동의 이중모음 산출에 대한 음향학적 특성 비교, 대구대학교 석사학위논문.)
  16. Adi-Bensaid, L. & Most, T. (2009). The acquisition of the prosodic word by children with hearing loss using a cochlear implant, The Volta Review, Vol. 109(1), 5-31.
  17. Allen, G. D. & Arndorfer, P. M. (2000). Production of sentence-final intonation contours by hearing-impaired children, Journal of Speech and Hearing Research, Vol. 43, 441-455. https://doi.org/10.1044/jslhr.4302.441
  18. Blamey, P. J., Barry, J. G. & Jacq. P. (2001). Phonetic inventory development in young cochlear implant users 6 years postoperation, Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research, 44, 73-79. https://doi.org/10.1044/1092-4388(2001/007)
  19. Boersma, P. & Weenink, D. (2011). Praat: doing phonetics by computer (Version 5.2.19) [Computer program], Retrieved March 16, 2011, from http://www.praat.org/.
  20. Dawson, P. W., Blamey, P. J., Detman, S. J., Tobey, E. A., Cowan, R. C. & Clark, G. M. (1995). A clinical report on speech production of cochlear implant users, Ear & Hearing, 16, 551-561. https://doi.org/10.1097/00003446-199512000-00002
  21. Ertmer, D. J. & Melon, J. A. (2001). Beginning to talk at 20 months: Early vocal development in a young cochlear implant recipient, Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research, Vol. 44, 192-206. https://doi.org/10.1044/1092-4388(2001/017)
  22. Ertmer, D. J. & Goffman, L. (2011). Speech production and variability in young cochlear implant recipients: comparisons with typically developing age-peers, Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research, Vol. 54, 177-189. https://doi.org/10.1044/1092-4388(2010/09-0165)
  23. Geers, A. E. & Tobey, E. A. (1992). Effects of cochlear implants and tactile aids on the development of speech production skills in children with profound hearing impairment, The Volta Review, 94(5), 135-163.
  24. Leder, S. B., Spitzer, J. B., Kirchner, J. C., Philip, C. F., Milner, P. & Richard, F. (1987). Speaking rate of adventitiously deaf male cochlear implant candidates, Journal of the Acoustic Society of America, 82, 843-846. https://doi.org/10.1121/1.395283
  25. Lenden, J. M. & Flipsen, P. J. (2007). Prosody and voice characteristics of children with cochlear implants, Journal of Communication disorders, 40(1), 66-81. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcomdis.2006.04.004
  26. Mondain, M., Sillon, M., Vieu, A., Lanvin, M., Reuillard-artieres, F., Tobey, E. & Uzeil, A. (1997). Speech perception skills and speech production intelligibility French children with prelingual deafness and cochlear implants. Journal of Otolaryngology, Head & Neck Surgery, 123, 181-184.
  27. Munro, M. J. & Dewing, T. M. (2001). Modeling perceptions of the accentedness and comprehensibility of L2 speech - The role of speaking rate, Studies on Second Language Aquisition, 23, 451-468.
  28. Osberger, M. J. (1992). Speech intelligibility in the hearing impaired: Research and clinical implications. In Kent, R. (Ed.), Intelligibility in Speech Disorders. Philadelphia: John Benjamins.
  29. Osberger, M. J. & McGarr, N. (1982). Speech production characteristics of the hearing impaired, Speech and Language, 8, 221-283. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-608608-9.50013-9
  30. Osberger, M. J, Maso, M. & Sam, L. K. (1993). Speech intelligibility of children with cochlear implants, tactile aids, or hearing aids. Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research, 36, 186-203. https://doi.org/10.1044/jshr.3601.186
  31. Peng, S. C., Tomblin, J. B., Spencer, L. J. & Hurtig, R. R. (2007). Imitative production of rising speech intonation in pediatric cochlear implant recipients, Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research, Vol. 50, 1210-1227. https://doi.org/10.1044/1092-4388(2007/085)
  32. Sehgal, S. T., Kirk, K. I., Svirsky, M., Ertmer, D.J. & Osberger, M. J. (1998). Imitative consonant feature production by children with multichannel sensory aids, Ear and Hearing, 19(1), 72-84. https://doi.org/10.1097/00003446-199802000-00005
  33. Seyfried, D. & Kricos, P. (1996). Language and speach of the deaf and hard of hearing: In Show, R. & Nerbonne, M. (Eds), Introduction to audiological rehabilitation. Boston: Allyn and Bacon.
  34. Snow, D. & Ertmer, D. (2009). The development of intonation in young children with cochlear implants: a preliminary study of the influence of age at implantation and length of implant experience, Clinical Linguistics & Phonetics, Vol. 23, No. 9, 665-679. https://doi.org/10.1080/02699200903026555
  35. Svirsky, M. A. & Chin, S. (2000). Speech production. In Walzman, S. B. & Cohen, N. L. (Eds.). Cochlear implants. New York: Thieme.
  36. Tobey, E. A., Angelette, S., Murchison, C., Sprague, S., Staller, S. & Beiter, A. (1991). Speech production performance in children with multichannel cochlear implants, American Journal of Otology, 12(S), 165-173. https://doi.org/10.1016/0196-0709(91)90148-9
  37. Tobey, E. A., Geers, A. E., Brenner, C. B., Altuna, D. & Gabbert, G. (2003). Factors associated with development of speech production skills in children implanted by age five, Ear and Hearing, Vol. 24, 36-45. https://doi.org/10.1097/01.AUD.0000051688.48224.A6
  38. Tsao, Y. C. & Weismer, G. (1997). Interspeaker variation in habitual speaking rate: Evidence for a neuromuscular component, Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research, 40, 858-866. https://doi.org/10.1044/jslhr.4004.858
  39. Tye-Murray, N. & Kirk, K. I. (1993). Vowel and diphthong production by young users of cochlear implants and the relationship between the phone level evaluation and spontaneous speech, Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research, 36(3), 488-502. https://doi.org/10.1044/jshr.3603.488
  40. Tye-Murray, N., Spencer, L. & Woodworth, G. (1995). Aquisition of speech by children who have prolonged cochlear implant experience, Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research, 38, 327-337. https://doi.org/10.1044/jshr.3802.327