Journal of Korea Water Resources Association (한국수자원학회논문집)

Korea Water Resources Association (한국수자원학회)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Derivation of Roughness Coefficient Relationships Using Field Data in Vegetated Rivers

식생하천의 현장자료를 이용한 조도계수 관계식 유도

  • Lee, Jong-Seok (Department of Civil Engineering, Hanbat National University) ;
  • Julien, Pierre Y. (Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Colorado State University) ;
  • Kim, Jae-Hoon (Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Colorado State University) ;
  • Lee, Tae-Woo (Sangji Engineering and Construction Co.)
  • 이종석 (한밭대학교 토목공학과) ;
  • ;
  • 김재훈 (콜로라도대학교(CSU) 토목환경공학과) ;
  • 이태우 (상지엔지니어링(주))
  • Received : 2011.10.04
  • Accepted : 2011.12.01
  • Published : 2012.02.29
Download PDF
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

Field measurements of resistance to flow are analyzed for 739 rivers vegetated with grass (281 channels), shrubs (150 channels) and trees (308 channels). The measured distribution of Manning roughness coefficients ranges from 0.015~0.250 for grass, 0.016~0.250 for shrubs, 0.018~0.310 for trees. Significant trends are obtained between Darcy-Weisbach (or Manning roughness coefficients) and flow discharge, friction slope, and relative submergence. The regression equations for Darcy-Weisbach and Manning roughness coefficients in vegetated rivers are: $f_{veg}=0.436Q^{-0.363}$, $f_{veg}=3.305S_f^{0.508}$, and $n_{veg}=0.061Q^{-0.124}$, $n_{veg}=0.144S_f^{0.199}$, $V=5.3(h/d_{50})^{1/8.3}{\sqrt{ghS_f}}$, $\sqrt{8/f}(=V/u*)=5.75log(5h/d_{50})$, respectively. These semi-empirical relationships should be useful for hydraulic engineering practice.

본 연구는 흐름 저항에 대한 분석을 위해 초본 281개, 관목 150개, 교목 308개의 현장실측 자료로 구성된 739개 식생하천을 대상으로 수행되었다. 실측자료의 Manning 조도계수 분포는 초본자료에서 0.015~0.250, 관목자료에서 0.016~0.250, 교목자료에서 0.018~0.310의 범위를 갖는다. 이들 조도계수의 중요한 분포경향은 Darcy-Weisbach (또는 Manning의 조도계수)와 유량, 마찰경사 및 상대 잠수비에 대한 관계식으로 제시하였다. 식생하천에서 Darcy-Weisbach와 Manning 조도계수에 관한 회귀 방정식은 $f_{veg}=0.436Q^{-0.363}$, $f_{veg}=3.305S_f^{0.508}$와 $n_{veg}=0.061Q^{-0.124}$, $n_{veg}=0.144S_f^{0.199}$ 및 $V=5.3(h/d_{50})^{1/8.3}{\sqrt{ghS_f}}$, $\sqrt{8/f}(=V/u_*)=5.75log(5h/d_{50})$로 유도되었다. 이들 반 경험적 관계식은 수공 실무에서 유용하게 사용될 것이다.

Keywords

References

  1. Abood, M.M., Yusuf, B., Mohammed, T.A., and Ghazali, A.H. (2006). "Manning roughness coefficient for grass-lined channel." Suranaree J. Sci. Tech., Vol. 13, No. 4, pp. 317-330.
  2. Annable, W.K. (1996). Database of morphologic characteristics of watercourse in Southern Ontario, Ontario, Ministry of Natural Resources, 212.
  3. Arcement, G.J., and Schneider, V.R. (1984). Guide for selecting Manning's roughness coefficients for natural channels and flood plains, USGS, Water-supply Paper 2339, USGS.
  4. ASCE(American Society of Civil Engineers, Task Force on Friction Factors)(1963). "Friction factors in open channels." J. Hydraul Div., Vol. 89, No. 2, pp. 97-143.
  5. Barnes, H.H. (1967). Roughness characteristics of natural channels, USGS Water-Supply, Paper 1849, Washington, 213.
  6. Bray, D.I. (1979). "Estimating average velocity in gravelbed rivers." J. Hydraul Div., Vol. 105, No. 9, pp. 1103-1122.
  7. Chen, L. (2010). "Theoretical analyses for interaction between vegetation bending and flow." Conference Proc., Division of Hydrologic Sciences, Desert Research Institute, pp. 1443-1450.
  8. Chen, C.L. (1976). "Flow resistance in broad shallow grassed channels." J. Hydraul Div., Vol. 102, No. 3, pp. 307-322.
  9. Chezy, A. (1769). Developed and verified by experiments made on an earthen channel, the Courpalet Canal, and on the Seine River.
  10. Chow, V.T. (1959). Open-channel hydraulics, McGraw-Hill, New York.
  11. Coon, W.F. (1998). Estimation of roughness coefficients for natural stream channels with vegetated banks, USGS, Water Supply Paper 2441, Prepared in cooperation with the New York State Department of Transportation, 133.
  12. Cowan, W.L. (1956). "Estimating hydraulic roughness coefficients." Agric. Eng., Vol. 37, No. 7, pp. 473-475.
  13. Darcy, H. (1857). "Recherches experimentales relatives an mouvemwnt de l'eau dans les tuyaux." Mallet-Bachelier, Paris, 268 and atlas(in French).
  14. Engelund, F. (1966). "Hydraulic resistance of alluvial streams." J. Hydraul Div., Vol. 92, No. 2, pp. 315-326.
  15. Freeman, G.E., Copeland, R.R., and Rahmeyer, W.J. (1998). "Field determination of Manning's n values for shrubs and woody vegetation." Proc. of the Wetlands Engineering River Restoration Conference, ASCE, Denver, Colorado.
  16. Gillen, D.F. (1996). Determination of roughness coefficients for streams in west-central Florida: Tampa, FL, USGS, Open-File report OFR-96-226, 93.
  17. Hicks, D.M., and Mason, P.D. (1998). Roughness characteristics of New Zealand rivers, National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research Ltd, New Zealand, 329.
  18. Jarrett, R.D. (1985). Determination of roughness coefficients for streams in Colorado, USGS, WRI Report 85-4004, 54.
  19. Jeffrey, T.R., Anne, F.L., and Heidi, M.N. (2010). "Effects of added vegetation on sand bar stability and stream hydrodynamics." J. Hydraul Eng., Vol. 136, No. 12, pp. 994-1002. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)HY.1943-7900.0000215
  20. Jobson, H.E., and Froehlich, D.C. (1988). Basic hydraulic principles of open-channel flow, USGS, Open-File Report 88-707, 150.
  21. Julien, P.Y. (2002). River mechanics, Cambridge University Press.
  22. Julien, P.Y. (2010). Erosion and sedimentation, 2nd edition, Cambridge University Press.
  23. Kadlec, R. (1990). "Overland flow in wetlands: Vegetation resistance." J. Hydraul Eng., Vol. 116, No. 5, pp. 691-706. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9429(1990)116:5(691)
  24. Lang, S., Ladson, A., Anderson, B., and Rutherford, I. (2004). An Australian handbook of stream roughness coefficients, Stream roughness, Four case studies from Victoria, AJWR, 28.
  25. Lee, J.S. (2010), River engineering and design, SRP(in Korean).
  26. Manning, R. (1889). "On the flow of water in open channels and pipes." Trans., Inst. of Civil Engrs. of Ireland, Dublin, Ireland, Vol. 20, pp. 161-166.
  27. Michael, F., David, C., and Hoaglin, B.I. (1989). "Some implementations of the boxplot." The American Statistician, Vol. 43, No. 1, pp. 50-54. https://doi.org/10.2307/2685173
  28. Nikora, V., Larned, S., Nikora, N., Debnath, K., Cooper, G., and Reid, M. (2008). "Hydraulic resistance due to aquatic vegetation in small streams: Field study." J. Hydraul Eng., Vol. 134, No. 9, pp. 1326-1332. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9429(2008)134:9(1326)
  29. Pasche, E., and Rouve, G. (1985). "Overbank flow with vegetatively roughed flood plains." J. Hydraulic Engr., Vol. 111, No. 9, pp. 1262-1278. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9429(1985)111:9(1262)
  30. Phillips, J.V., and Ingersoll, T.L. (1998). Verification of roughness coefficients for selected natural and constructed stream channels in Arizona, USGS, Professional Paper 1584, 77.
  31. Ree, W.O., and Grow, F.R. (1977). Friction factors for vegetated waterways of small slope, Agricultural Research Service, ARS-S-151, 56.
  32. Rouse, H. (1965). "Critical analysis of open-channel resistance." J. Hydraul Div., Vol. 91, No. 4, pp. 1-25.
  33. Rousseeuw, P.J., Ruts, I., and Tukey, J.W. (1999). "The bagplot: A bivariate oxplot." The American Statistician, Vol. 53, No. 4, pp. 382-387. https://doi.org/10.2307/2686061
  34. Sauer, V.B. (1990). USGS, written communication.
  35. Schneider, V.R., Board, J.W., Colson, B.E., and Lee, F.N. (1977). Computation of backwater and discharge at width constrictions of heavily vegetated flood plains, USGS, Water-Resources Investigations 76-129, 64.
  36. Soong, D.T., Halfar, T.M., and Prater, C.D. (2009). Estimating Manning's roughness coefficients for natural and man-made streams in Illinois, U.S. Department of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey.
  37. Tukey, J.W. (1977). Exploratory data analysis, Addison-Wesley.
  38. White, W.R., Paris, E., Bettess, R., and Wang, S. (1987). "Frictional characteristics of alluvial streams in the lower and upper regimes." Proc., Institute of Civil Engineers (London), Vol. 83, No. Part 2, pp. 685-700. https://doi.org/10.1680/iicep.1987.195
  39. Weisbach, J. (1845). "Lehrbuch der ingenieur-und maschinen-mechanik." 1, Theoretische Mechanik, Vieweg und Sohn, Braunschweig, 535 (in German).
  40. Wu, F.C., Shen, H.W., and Chou, Y.J. (1999). "Variation of roughness coefficients for unsubmerged and submerged vegetation." J. Hydraul Eng., Vol. 125, No. 9, pp. 934-942. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9429(1999)125:9(934)
  41. Yen, B.C. (2002). "Open channel flow resistance." J. Hydraul Eng., Vol. 128, No. 1, pp. 20-39. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9429(2002)128:1(20)

Cited by

  1. Flow Characteristics of Lateral Irrigation Canals Diverted from Kimje Main Canal in Dongjin Irrigation Area vol.54, pp.5, 2012, https://doi.org/10.5389/KSAE.2012.54.5.113
  2. Roughness Coefficients Evaluation of the Korean Riparian Vegetation vol.32, pp.6B, 2012, https://doi.org/10.12652/Ksce.2012.32.6B.345