외식업체 종사자들의 임파워먼트가 직무만족과 이직의도에 미치는 영향에 관한 연구

A Study on Correlation among Empowerment, Job Satisfaction and Turnover Intention of Food Service Industry Employees

본 연구는 외식업체 종사원들의 임파워먼트가 직무만족과 이직의도와의 인과관계를 파악하여 외식기업의 인사정책시사점을 제공하기 위하여 부산지역 호텔 및 외식업체 종사자 269명을 대상으로 연구를 진행하였다. 연구의 목적을 달성하기 위하여 빈도분석을 통하여 인구통계학적 특성을 파악 하였고, 요인 및 신뢰도 분석을 통하여 신뢰성과 타당성을 확보하였으며, 변수들 간의 전반적인 관계성을 파악하기 위하여 상관분석을 실시한 결과 모든 요인에서 p<.01에서 유의수준에서 유의한 결과를 나타내었다. 가설검정을 위한 다중회귀분석결과 임파워먼트의 하위요인인 자기결정력과 의미성이 직무만족에 미치는 영향에서 회귀모형의 설명력은 34.6%이고, 자기결정력은 (${\beta}$=.125, p<.05), 의미성은 (${\beta}$=.511, p<.001)로 분석되어 외식업체 종사원들의 임파워먼트는 직무만족에 정(+)의 영향을 미친다는 가설은 채택되었다. 또한 임파워먼트(자기결정력, 의미성)이 이직의도에 미치는 영향을 알아보기 위하여 다중회귀분석을 실시하였으며, 분석결과 회귀모형의 설명력은 11.2%이고, 자기결정력은 ${\beta}$=-.024로 통계적으로 유의한 결과로 분석되지 않았으며, 의미성은 (${\beta}$=-320, p<.001)로 분석되어 외식업체 종사원들의 임파워먼트가 이직의도에 부(-)의 영향을 미친다는 가설은 부분 채택되었다. 직무만족이 이직의도에 미치는 영향에 관한 회귀 분석 결과에 나타난 전체 회귀모형의 설명력은 25.3%이고, 직무만족은(${\beta}$=-.503, p<.001)로 분석되었다. 따라서 직무만족은 이직의도에 부(-)의 영향을 미친다는 가설은 채택되었다.

This research was conducted targeting 269 employees working in the hotel and food service industry in the Busan area to provide human resources policy implications for food service companies by understanding the causal relationship between the empowerment of foodservice industry employees and job satisfaction and turnover intent. To achieve the research purpose, this research identified the demographic characteristics through a frequency analysis, obtained reliability and validity through a factor and reliability analysis, attaining a meaningful result in the significance level of p<.01 in all factors by conducting a correlation analysis to understand the overall relationship between the variables. As a result of the multiple regression analysis to verify a hypothesis, the explanatory adequacy of the regression model for the effect of self-determination and meaning, the sub-factors of empowerment, on job satisfaction was 34.6%, and the self-determination and meaning was respectively analyzed as (${\beta}$=.125, p<.05) and (${\beta}$=.511, p<.001), thus, the hypothesis that the empowerment of employees in the food service industry has a positive (+) effect was selected. In addition, the multiple regression analysis was conducted to examine the effect that empowerment (self-determination, meaning) has on job turnover intent, and as a result, the explanatory adequacy of the regression model was 11.2%, the self-determination was ${\beta}$=-.024, showing that it was not analyzed as a statistically meaningful result, and the meaning was analyzed as(${\beta}$=-320,p<.001). Thus, the hypothesis that the empowerment of employees in the food service industry has a negative (-) effect on job turnover intent was partially selected. In the regression analysis result of the effect of job satisfaction on turnover intent, the explanatory adequacy of the entire regression model appearing in the entire analysis was 25.3%, and the job satisfaction was analyzed as (${\beta}$=-.503,p<.001). Thus, the hypothesis that job satisfaction has a negative (-) effect on job turnover intent was selected.