참고문헌
- Bohren, C.F. (1986) Applicability of effective-medium theories to problems of scattering and absorption by nonhomogeneous atmospheric particles. Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences 43, 468-475. https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0469(1986)043<0468:AOEMTT>2.0.CO;2
- Carter, W.L., Hasegawa, I. (1975) Fixation of tobacco smoke aerosols for size distribution studies. Journal of Colloid Interface Science 53, 134-141. https://doi.org/10.1016/0021-9797(75)90044-2
- Croft, B., Lohmann, U., Martin, R.V., Stier, P., Wurzler, S., Feichter, J., Hoose, C., Heikkilä, U., van Donkelaar, A., Ferrachat, S. (2010) Influences of in-cloud aerosol scavenging parameterizations on aerosol concentrations and wet deposition in ECHAM5-HAM. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 10, 1511-1543. https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-10-1511-2010
- Ehrman, S.H., Schwikowski, M., Baltensperger, U., Gäggeler, H.W. (1998) Chemical characterization of individual ice crystal and size-classified snow samples. Journal of Aerosol Science 29, S323-S324. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0021-8502(98)00480-7
- Flossmann, A.I., Hall, W.D., Pruppacheer, H.R. (1985) A theoretical study of the wet removal of atmospheric pollutants, Part I: The distribution of aerosol particles captured through nucleation and impaction scavenging by growing cloud drops. Journal of Atmospheric Science 42, 583-606. https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0469(1985)042<0583:ATSOTW>2.0.CO;2
- Hansen, J., Nazarenko, L. (2004) Soot climate forcing via snow and ice albedos. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the Unite State of America 101(2), 423-428. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2237157100
- Ishii, Y., Akitaya, E. (1992) Chemical compositions of solid precipitation and snow cover in Sapporo, 1991-1992. The Report of Low Temperature Science, Series A 51, 24-30.
- Ji, W., Wang, P.K. (1999) Ventilation coefficients for falling ice crystals in the atmosphere at low-intermediate Reynolds numbers. Journal of the Atmospheric Science 56, 829-836. https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0469(1999)056<0829:VCFFIC>2.0.CO;2
- Kasahara, M., Akashi, S., Ma, C.-J., Tohno, S. (2003) Fixation and chemical analysis of individual fog droplet and raindrop. Atmospheric Research 65, 251-259. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0169-8095(02)00152-7
- Kasahara, M., Akashi, S., Ma, C.J., Tohno, S., Ohnishi, Y. (2000) Physicochemical characteristics of individual fog droplets and raindrops. Environmental Conservation Engineering 29, 822-827. (in Japanese) https://doi.org/10.5956/jriet.29.822
- Liang, J., Li, Z., Tsuji, K., Nakano, K., Nout, M.J.R., Hamer, R.J. (2008) Milling characteristics and distribution of phytic acid and zinc in rice kernels. Journal of Cereal Science 48, 83-91. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcs.2007.08.003
- Libbrecht, K. (2007) The art of the snowflake, Voyageur Press, Minnesota, pp. 136-146.
- Ma, C.J., Kasahara, M., Tohno, S., Sakai, T. (2003) A new attempt to study the particle scavenging properties of individual snow crystals using a replication technique. Journal of Japan Society Atmospheric Environment 38, 89-99.
- Magono, C., Endoh, T., Harimaya, T., Kubota, S. (1974) A measurement of scavenging effect of falling snow crystals on the aerosol concentration. Journal of the Meteorological Society of Japan 52, 407-416. https://doi.org/10.2151/jmsj1965.52.5_407
- Magono, C., Endoh, T., Ueno, F., Kubota, S., Itasaka, M. (1979) Direct observations of aerosols attached to falling snow crystals. Tellus 31, 102-114. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.2153-3490.1979.tb00887.x
- Mitra, S.K., Barth, U., Pruppacher, H.R. (1990) A laboratory study of the efficiency with which aerosol particles are scavenged by snowflakes. Atmospheric Environment 24A, 1247-1254.
- Moschos, M., Droutsas, D. (1997) Clinical experience with cyanoacrylate tissue adhesive. Documenta Ophthalmologica (Soringer) 93(3), 237-245. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02569064
- Mosimann, L., Weigartner, E., Waldvogel, A. (1994) An analysis of accreted drop sizes and mass on rimed snow crystals. Journal of Aerosol Science 58, 1548-1558.
- Munger, J.W., Collett, J.R.J., Daube, J.R.B., Hoffmann, M.R. (1989) Chemical composition of coastal stratus clouds: Dependence on droplet size and distance from the coast. Atmospheric Environment 23, 2305-2320. https://doi.org/10.1016/0004-6981(89)90192-3
- Murakami, M., Kikuchi, K., Magono, C. (1985) Experiments on aerosol scavenging by natural snow crystals. Part I: Collection efficiencies of uncharged snow crystals for micron and submicron particles. Journal of the Meteorological Society of Japan 63, 119-129. https://doi.org/10.2151/jmsj1965.63.1_119
- Petzold, A., Strom, A., Ohlsson, S., Schroder, F.P. (1998) Elemental composition and morphology of ice-crystal residual particles in cirrus clouds and contrails. Atmospheric Research 49, 21-34. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0169-8095(97)00083-5
- Pruppacher, H.R., Klett, J.D. (1997) Microphysics of clouds and precipitation. Kluwer Academic Publishers, Boston, London, pp. 38-57.
- Rango, A., Wergin, W.P., Erbe, E.F. (1996) Snow crystal imaging using scanning electron microscopy: I. Precipitated snow. Hydrological Sciences 41(2), 219-233. https://doi.org/10.1080/02626669609491494
- Sauter, D.P., Wang, P.L. (1989) An experimental study of the scavenging of aerosol particles by natural snow crystals. Journal of Atmospheric Science 46, 1650-1655. https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0469(1989)046<1650:AESOTS>2.0.CO;2
- Seifert, M., Strom, J., Krejci, R., Minikin, A., Petzold, A., Gayet, J.F., Schumann, U., Ovarlez, J. (2002) Insitu observations of aerosol particles remaining from evaporated cirrus crystals: Comparing clean and polluted air masses. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, Discuss 2, 1599-1633. https://doi.org/10.5194/acpd-2-1599-2002
- Sera, K., Futatsugawa, S., Matsuda, K. (1999) Quantitative Analysis of Untreated Bio-samples. Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research B 150, 226-233. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0168-583X(98)01071-4
- Slinn, W.G.N. (1974) The redistribution of a gas plume caused by reversible washout. Atmospheric Environment 8, 233-241. https://doi.org/10.1016/0004-6981(74)90090-0
- Targino, A.C., Krejci, R., Noone, K.J., Glantz, P. (2006) Single particle analysis of ice crystal residuals observed in orographic wave clouds over Scandinavia during INTACC experiment. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 6, 1977-1990. https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-6-1977-2006
- Warren, S.G., Wiscombe, W.J. (1985) Dirty snow after nuclear war. Nature 313, 467-470. https://doi.org/10.1038/313467a0