The Sea:JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN SOCIETY OF OCEANOGRAPHY (한국해양학회지:바다)

The Korean Society of Oceanography (한국해양학회)
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Regrowth Ability and Species Composition of Phytoplankton in International Commercial Ship's Ballast Water Berthed at Pusan and Daesan Ports

부산과 대산항에서 선박평형수에 유입된 식물플랑크톤의 종조성과 재성장능력

  • Baek, Seung-Ho (Korea Ocean Research and Development Institute/South Sea Institute) ;
  • Jang, Min-Chul (Korea Ocean Research and Development Institute/South Sea Institute) ;
  • Shin, Kyoung-Soon (Korea Ocean Research and Development Institute/South Sea Institute)
  • 백승호 (한국해양연구원 남해연구소) ;
  • 장민철 (한국해양연구원 남해연구소) ;
  • 신경순 (한국해양연구원 남해연구소)
  • Received : 2011.01.25
  • Accepted : 2011.03.23
  • Published : 2011.05.31
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Abstract

The aim of this study is to assess the importance of ballast water discharge as a vector for the introduction of exotic species into Pusan and Daesan Ports, Korea. We also examined to understand the impacts of environmental factors on the survival success of introduced species by ship's ballast water in laboratory experiments. Seven ship's ballast water originated from the coastal water of China (Taicang, Ningbo and Jinshan), Japan (Tokuyama, Moji and Akita), and Singapore. According to PCA (principal components analysis) analysis, environmental factor in the each ballast and shipside waters were different by bioregion. Based on cluster analysis, the phytoplankton community structures were distinguished for ballast water origin. Most of the major taxonomic groups were diatoms and, the others were dinoflagellate, silcoflagellate and several fresh-waters species. In particular, species number and standing crops of phytoplankton in the ballast tanks decreased with the increasing age ofballast water(r = -0.35 for standing crop; r = -0.63 for species number). In the laboratory study, although phytoplankton in ballast water treatment did not survive even in optimal temperature, the in vivo fluorescence of phytoplankton viability increased under the nutrient typical of shipside water and F/2 medium at $15^{\circ}C$ and $20^{\circ}C$. The diatoms species such as Skeletonema costatum and Thalassiosira pseudonana in ballast water were successfully regrown. On the salinity gradient experiments for Shui Shan (2) vessel, several freshwater species, brackish and marine species were successfully adapted. Of these, S.costatum was able to tolerate a wide range of salinities (10 to 30 psu) and its species-specific viability was suitable for colonization.

본 연구는 우리나라 주요 무역항(부산항, 대산항)에 입항하는 국제선을 대상으로 선박평형수내 환경요인과 식물 플랑크톤의 군집조성을 파악하는 것과 더불어, 생물활성실험을 수행하였다. 선박평형수의 기원은 중국(3지역), 일본(3지역), 싱가폴 등이었다. PCA분석에서도 생물지리역이 다른 선박평형수의 환경언자와 우리나라 항만 주변수의 환경인자의 차이를 확인할 수 있었고, 식물플랑크톤의 출현종과 현존량을 바탕으로 한 Cluster분석에서도 각 선박의 기원에 따라서 유사성이 낮게 구분되었다. 선박평형수의 체류시간과 식물플랑크톤의 현존량(r = 0.35), 출현종수(r= 0.63)는 음의 상관성을 관찰하였다. 7척의 선박평형수내 구성종은 규조류, 와편모조류, 착편모조류 순으로 나타났다. Shui Shan(2) 선박평형수내 유입된 식물플랑크톤 성장은 어떤 수온 조건에서도 선박평형수 실험구에서는 성공적인 재성장은 이루어지지 않았다. 반면, $15^{\circ}C$와 $20^{\circ}C$의 수온조건에서 영양염을 첨가한 F/2실험구와 영양염을 첨가하지 않은 주변수 실험구는 식물플랑크톤의 생물활성능이 현저히 높았고, 그들은 S. costatum와 T. pseudonana로 구성되었다. 염분 구배실험에서 담수종은 0-5 psu에서, 기수종은 10-20 psu 해수종은 20-30 psu에서 각각 적응하여 염분구배에 따른 우점종이 뚜렷히 구분되었다 그중, S. costatum는 넓은 범위의 염분농도(10-30 psu)에 적응 가능하였고, 이 생물의 종특이적인 생물활성능력은 우리나라 항만과 연안해역에서 성공적으로 정착 할 가능성이 높다고 판단된다.

Keywords

Acknowledgement

Grant : 선박평형수 위해도 평가기술개발 연구: 서해항만, 전략 무인도서 해양생태계 기반 관리기술 개발연구

Supported by : 한국해양연구원

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