Automatic Detection of Anomalies in Blood Glucose Using a Machine Learning Approach

  • Zhu, Ying (Faculty of Business and Information Technology, University of Ontario Institute of Technology)
  • Received : 2010.10.11
  • Published : 2011.04.30

Abstract

Rapid strides are being made to bring to reality the technology of wearable sensors for monitoring patients' physiological data.We study the problem of automatically detecting anomalies in themeasured blood glucose levels. The normal daily measurements of the patient are used to train a hidden Markov model (HMM). The structure of the HMM-its states and output symbols-are selected to accurately model the typical transitions in blood glucose levels throughout a 24-hour period. The learning of the HMM is done using historic data of normal measurements. The HMM can then be used to detect anomalies in blood glucose levels being measured, if the inferred likelihood of the observed data is low in the world described by the HMM. Our simulation results show that our technique is accurate in detecting anomalies in glucose levels and is robust (i.e., no false positives) in the presence of reasonable changes in the patient's daily routine.

Keywords

References

  1. I. F. Akyildiz, W. Su, Y. Sankarasubramaniam, and E. Cayirci, "Wireless sensor networks: A survey," Computer Netw., vol. 38, no. 4, pp. 393-422, 2002. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1389-1286(01)00302-4
  2. J. Chen, K. Kwong, D. Chang, J. Luk, and R. Bajcsy, "Wearable sensors for reliable fall detection," in Proc. IEEE EMBC, 2005.
  3. P. Cuddihy, J. Weisenberg, C. Graichen, and M. Ganesh, "Algorithm to automatically detect abnormally long periods of inactivity in a home," in Proc. ACM HealthNet, 2007, pp. 89-94.
  4. A. Wood, J. Stankovic, G. Virone, L. Selavo, Z. He, Q. Cao, T. Doan, Y. Wu, L. Fang, and R. Stoleru, "Context-aware wireless sensor networks for assisted-living and residential monitoring," IEEE Network, vol. 22, no. 4, pp. 26-33, 2008.
  5. Glucoband. [Online]. Available: http://www.calistomedical.com/?cat=14
  6. GlucoTrack. [Online]. Available: http://www.integrity-app.com
  7. Sensys Glucose Tracking System. [Online]. Available: http://www.sensysmedical.com/technology/index.html.
  8. T. R. Burchfield and S. Venkatesan, "Accelerometer-based human abnormal movement detection in wireless sensor networks," in Proc. ACM HealthNet, 2007, pp. 67-69.
  9. T. Gao, C. Pesto, L. Selavo, Y. Chen, J. Ko, J. Lim, A. Terzis, A. Watt, J. Jeng, B. Chen, K. Lorincz, and M. Welsh, "Wireless medical sensor networks in emergency response: Implementation and pilot results," in Proc. IEEE HST, 2008.
  10. M.Mathie, J. Basilakis, and B. G. Celler, "A system for monitoring posture and physical activity using accelerometers," in Proc. EMBC, 2001.
  11. [Online]. Available: http://www.diabetes.ca/about-diabetes/living/management/manage-glucose
  12. [Online]. Available: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blood_sugar
  13. M. Daly, C. Vale, M. Walker, A. Littlefield, K. Alberti, and J. Mathers, "Acute effects on insulin sensitivity and diurnal metabolic profiles of a high-sucrose compared with a high-starch diet," American J. Clinical Nutrition, vol. 67, pp. 1186-1196, 1998. https://doi.org/10.1093/ajcn/67.6.1186
  14. S. Russell and P. Norvig, Artificial Intelligence: A Modern Approach. 2nd ed., Prentice-Hall, 2003.