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Soil Management Techniques for High Quality Cucumber Cultivation in Plastic Film Greenhouse

고품질 시설하우스 오이재배를 위한 토양 종합관리 기술

  • Hyun, Byung-Keun (Division of Soil & Fertilizer Management, NAAS, RDA) ;
  • Jung, Sug-Jae (Division of Soil & Fertilizer Management, NAAS, RDA) ;
  • Jung, Yeon-Jae (NAAS, Department, of Agricultural Environment Honorable field senior researcher) ;
  • Lee, Ju-Young (Division of Soil & Fertilizer Management, NAAS, RDA) ;
  • Lee, Jae-Kook (Division of Crop protection, NAAS, RDA) ;
  • Jang, Byoung-Choon (Division of Soil & Fertilizer Management, NAAS, RDA) ;
  • Chio, Nag-Doo (Gyeongsangbuk-do Sangju Agricultural Technology Extension)
  • 현병근 (국립농업과학원 농업환경부 토양비료관리과) ;
  • 정석재 (국립농업과학원 농업환경부 토양비료관리과) ;
  • 정연재 (국립농업과학원 농업환경부 토양비료관리과 현장명예연구관) ;
  • 이주영 (국립농업과학원 농업환경부 토양비료관리과) ;
  • 이재국 (국립농업과학원 농업생물부 작물보호과) ;
  • 장병춘 (국립농업과학원 농업환경부 토양비료관리과) ;
  • 최낙두 (경상북도 상주시농업기술센터)
  • Received : 2011.08.16
  • Accepted : 2011.09.16
  • Published : 2011.10.31

Abstract

In case of plastic film greenhouses cultivating fresh vegetables on paddy soil, soil characteristics must be considered as more important factor than any other factors. Generally after the four years of cultivation, soils tend to increase electrical conductivity value, nutrient unbalance and soil pests. As a result, degradation of agricultural products occurred, therefore it is necessary to improve soil conditions. In this study, yield and economic cost of cucumber were analyzed. The best soil conditions for cucumber cultivation were alluvial or valley in soil topology, moderately or poorly drainage in soil drainage classes, coarse loamy soil in texture. In addition, rich-sunlight and-deep groundwater would be proper for the cucumber cultivation. Good environmental managements of plastic film greenhouse were as follows. The temperature needed to be adjusted three times. The optimal daytime temperature could be $22{\sim}28^{\circ}C$, the one from 12 until night could be $14{\sim}15^{\circ}C$, and the temperature from 24 to sunrise could be $10{\sim}12^{\circ}C$. During plant growth period, soil moisture content was as low as 10~15%, and it needed to be maintained as 15~20% during reproductive growth period. To control pests, catch crop cultivation and solar treatment were carried out, after those EC was reduced and the root-knot nematode was controled too. Cucumber yield from the plot with improved soil managements increased to $158.4Mg\;ha^{-1}$, but plot with successive cropping injury yielded $140.3Mg\;ha^{-1}$. The income from the plot with improved soil managements was 215,676 thousand won $ha^{-1}$, the plot with successive cropping injury was 131,649 thousand won $ha^{-1}$. Income rate of each plot was 51.8% and 38.4%, respectively.

시설재배지는 주로 논토양에 설치되는데 밭작물을 재배하기 때문에 재배적지를 잘 선정하는 것이 무엇보다 중요하다. 시설재배지를 연작할 경우 염농도 (EC)의 상승, 양분불균형, 병충해 증가로 농산물의 품질이나 수량이 떨어지기 때문에 종합적인 토양관리를 해야 할 필요성이 있다. 이러한 재배지에서 오이의 수량 확보와 고품질 농산물을 생산하기 위해서는 종합적인 토양개량이 필요하다. 고품질 오이생산기술을 개발하기 위하여 적지선정, 토양비옥도, 환경관리, 병충해경감, 비료흡수의 경시적 변화 등을 검토하였고, 오이의 뿌리조사 및 수량과 경제성 분석을 수행하여 얻은 결과는 다음과 같다. 시설오이재배적지는 하성평탄지 및 곡간지이고, 배수는 약간양호 내지 약간불량이며, 토성은 사양질, 유효토심은 100 cm내외, 침수로 부터는 안전한 지대이어야 하고, 햇빛이 잘 들고 지하수가 풍부한 지역이 좋다. 시설 내 환경관리 중 온도는 3단계로 조절하는데 주간은 $22{\sim}28^{\circ}C$, 밤 12시까지는 $14{\sim}15^{\circ}C$, 밤 12시부터 해뜨기 직전 $10{\sim}12^{\circ}C$로 유지하며, 수분관리는 영양생장기에는 0~15%로 낮게 유지하고, 생식생장기에는 15~20%로 조절하여야 다수확과 고품질의 오이를 생산할 수 있다. 시설 연작장해지의 염농도 저감은 옥수수와 같은 청예작물을 재배하고, 뿌리혹선충방제는 토양열소독으로 방제하면 고품질의 오이를 재배할 수 있다. 시설오이수량 및 경제적분석결과 종합개량처리구는 158.0 Mg이고 연작장해지는 $140.3kg\;Mg^{-1}$ 이었다. 소득은 종합개량구가 215,676 천원, 연작장해지는 131,649 천원 $ha^{-1}$으로 소득율이 각각 51.8, 38.4% 이었다.

Keywords

References

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Cited by

  1. Characteristics of Fertility of Cucumber Cultivated Soils at Controlled Horticulture in Chungnam Province vol.47, pp.4, 2014, https://doi.org/10.7745/KJSSF.2014.47.4.262