타우린 첨가 김치의 저온 저장 중 미생물학적 특성

Microbial Properties of Taurine Supplemented Kimchi during Fermentation at Low Temperature

  • 임성빈 (메이필드호텔전문학교 호텔외식조리학부) ;
  • 김미숙 (단국대학교 식품영양학과) ;
  • 김은경 (경희대학교 조리외식경영학과) ;
  • 장윤혁 (대구대학교 식품공학과) ;
  • 정윤화 (단국대학교 식품영양학과)
  • Yim, Seoung-Been (Division of Hotel Restaurant and Culinary Arts, Mayfield Hotel School) ;
  • Kim, Mi-Sook (Dept. of Food Science and Nutrition, Dankook University) ;
  • Kim, Eun-Kyung (Dept. of Culinary Science and Food Service Management, Kyung Hee University) ;
  • Chang, Yoon-Hyuk (Dept. of Food Science and Engineering, Daegu University) ;
  • Jeong, Yoon-Hwa (Dept. of Food Science and Nutrition, Dankook University)
  • 투고 : 2011.01.18
  • 심사 : 2011.03.18
  • 발행 : 2011.04.30

초록

본 연구에서는 타우린 첨가가 김치 발효 과정중의 미생물학적 변화에 미치는 영향에 대하여 알아보았다. 대조군은 타우린을 첨가하지 않았으며, Taurine I, II 및 III군은 각각 1, 2 및 4%의 타우린(w/w, 배추 기준)을 첨가하여 제조하였다. 모든 군의 pH는 발효가 진행됨에 따라 점차적으로 저하되다가 pH 4.0 정도에 도달한 후부터는 거의 변화가 없었다. 총균수는 김치의 숙성이 진행됨에 따라 초기에 급속히 증가한 후 완만한 증가를 하였다. 최대 총균수는 대조군이 발효 5일째 가장 많았고, Taurine I이 9일째, Taurine II가 발효 23일째, Taurine III가 발효 18일째의 순으로 나타났다. 대조군의 적숙기에서의 총 젖산균 수는 발효 9일째 $1.3{\times}10^9$ CFU/mL였으며, 타우린 김치의 총젖산균 수는 적숙기 8~18일 사이에 가장 많게 나타났으며($8.9{\times}10^8{\sim}1.3{\times}10^9$ CFU/mL), 타우린의 첨가는 김치 발효 중 젖산균의 생육 활성을 지연시킴을 알 수 있었다. 특히 타우린 첨가군의 Leuconostoc속 젖산균 생육 활성이 지연되어 김치의 숙성 기간이 대조군에 비해 연장되는 것으로 사료된다.

The objective of this study was to investigate the changes in the microbial properties of taurine supplemented Kimchi during fermentation at $6^{\circ}C$ for 46 days. Chinese cabbage was brined in 10% salt solution for the control Kimchi and in 10% salt solution containing 1, 2 or 4% taurine (w/w, based on cabbage) for taurine supplemented Kimchi (Taurine I, II, and III groups, respectively). The pH values of all the groups dramatically decreased after 1-day of fermentation. Total numbers of viable cells were highest at 5-days of fermentation for the control, at 9-days of fermentation for Taurine I, and at 23-days of fermentation for Taurine II and III. The highest numbers of lactic acid bacteria were found at 9-days of fermentation for the control and Taurine I, and at 18-days of fermentation for Taurine II, and at 13-days of fermentation for Taurine III. The fermentation periods required to reach the highest numbers of Leuconostoc bacteria for Taurine I, II and III were longer than that for the control, suggesting that taurine might inhibit the growth of Leuconostoc bacteria during Kimchi fermentation. Based on the results obtained from the present study, it is concluded that adding taurine to the production of Kimchi could delay the ripening period of Kimchi.

키워드

참고문헌

  1. Choi SY, Kim YB, Yoo JY, Lee IS, Chung KS, Koo YJ (1990) Effect of temperature and salts concentration of Kimchi manufacturing on storage. Korean J Food Sci Technol 22: 707-710.
  2. Cohen AI, McDaniel M, Orr H (1973) Absolute levels of some free amino acids in normal and biologically tractinated retinas. Invest Ophthalmol 12: 686-693.
  3. Harris LG, Fleming HP, Klaenhammer TR (1992) Novel paired starter culture system for sauerkraut, consisting of a nisin resistant Leuconostoc mesenteroides strain and a nisin producing Lactococcus lactis strain. Appl Environ Microbiol 58: 1484-1489.
  4. Heigh HO, Park KY (1994) Biochemical, microbiological and nutritional aspects of Kimchi (Korean fermented vegetable product). Critical review in Food Sci and Nutr 34: 175-203. https://doi.org/10.1080/10408399409527656
  5. Jeon YS, Kye IS, Cheigh HS (1999) Changes of vitamin C and fermentation characteristics of Kimchi on different cabbage variety and fermentation temperature. J Korean Soc Food Sci Nutr 28: 773-779.
  6. Kang SS, Kim JM, Byun MW (1988) Preservation of Kimchi by ionizing radiation. Korean J Food Hygiene 3: 225-232.
  7. KFDA (2010) Code food. Korea Food and Drug Association. Seoul, Korea.
  8. Kim HS, Wang KC (1959) Microbiological studies on Kimchi, isolation and identification of anarobic bacteria. Bull Sci Res Inst 4: 56-57.
  9. Kim KO, Kim WH (1994b) Changes in properties of Kimchi prepared with different kinds and levels of salted and fermented seafoods during fermentation. Korean J Food Sci Technol 26: 324-330.
  10. Kim MJ, Kim SD (1994a) Fermentation control of Kimchi. J East Asian Soc Dietary Life 4: 75-82.
  11. Kim MK, Kim SD (2003) Fermentation characteristics of Kimchi treated with different methods of green tea water extracts. Korean J Food Preservation 10: 354-359.
  12. Kim TW, Park AK, Kim GR, Lee JM, Chung DK, Kim HY (2003) Characterization of functional Kimchi using Bifidobacterium lactis. Korean J Food Sci Technol 35: 924-927.
  13. Ku KH, Kang KO, Kim WJ (1988) Some quality changes during fermentation of Kimchi. Korean J Food Sci Technol 20: 476-486.
  14. Lee HS, Ko YT, Lim SJ (1984) Effects of protein sources on kimchi fermentation and on the stability of ascorbic acid. Korean J Nutr 17: 101-107.
  15. Lee IS, Park WS, Koo YJ, Kang KH (1994) Changes in some characteristics of brined Chinese cabbage of fall cultivars during storage. Korean J Food Sci Technol 26: 239-245.
  16. Lee JH (1994) Effect of minor ingredients on physicochemical and microbial characteristics of Kimchi during fermentation. Ph D Dissertation Seoul National University. Seoul. pp 1-153.
  17. Mheen TI, Kwon TW (1984) Effect of temperature and salt concentration on Kimchi fermentation. Korean J Food Sci Technol 16: 443-450.
  18. No HK, Lee SH, Kim SD (1995a) Effects of ingredients on fermentation of Chinese cabbage Kimchi. J Korean Soc Food Sci Nutr 24: 642-650.
  19. No HK, Park IK, Kim SD (1995b) Extension of shelf-life of Kimchi by addition of chitosan during salting. J Korean Soc Food Sci Nutr 24: 932-936.
  20. Park BH, Oh BY, Cho HS (2001) The quality characteristics of Kimchi prepared with salt-fermented Toha Jeot juice. Korean J Soc Food Cookery Sci 17: 625-633.
  21. Park KJ, Woo SJ (1988) Effect of Na-acetate, Na-malate and K-sorbate on the pH, acidity and sourness during Kimchi fermentation. Korean J Food Sci Technol 20: 40-44.
  22. Park KY, Cho EJ, Rhee SH (1998) Increased antimutagenic and anticancer activities of Chinese cabbage Kimchi by changing kinds and levels of sub-ingredient. J Korean Soc Food Sci Nutr 27: 625-632.
  23. Park SH, Lim HS (2003) Effects of red pepper, salt-fermented anchovy extracts and salt concentration on the tastes of Kimchi. J Korean Soc Food Sci Nutr 32: 346-349. https://doi.org/10.3746/jkfn.2003.32.3.346
  24. Park WP, Park KD, Um HS (2002) Effects of safflower seed powder on the quality characteristics of Kimchi. Korean J Food Preservation 9: 200-204.
  25. Park YH, Jung LH, Lee SS (2001) Physicochemical characteristics of Toha-Jeot added cabbage Kimchi during fermentation. J Korean Soc Food Sci Nutr 30: 426-431.
  26. Pasantes-Morales H, Wright CE, Gaull GE (1985) Taurine protection of lymphoblastoid cells from iron-asscobate induced damage. Biochem Phamacol 34: 2205-2207. https://doi.org/10.1016/0006-2952(85)90419-8
  27. Rhie SG, Chun SK (1982) The influence of temperature on fermentation of Kimchi. J Korean Soc Food Sci Nutr 11: 63-66.
  28. Ryu JY, Lee HS, Rhe Hs (1984) Changes of organic acids and volatile flavor compounds in Kimchi fermented with different ingredients. Korean J Food Sci Technol 16: 169-174.
  29. So MH, Kim YB (1995) Identification of psychrotrophic lactic acid bacteria isolated from Kimchi. Korean J Food Sci Technol 27: 495-505.
  30. Son YM, Kim KO, Jeon DW, Kyung KH (1996) The effect of low molecular weight chitosan with and without other preservatives on the characteristics of Kimchi during fermentation. Korean J Food Sci Technol 28: 888-896.
  31. Yim SB, Kim MS, Kim EK, Ko JY, Jeong YH (2010) Chemical characteristics of taurine added Kimchi during fermentation at low temperature. J Korean Soc Food Sci Nutr 39: 1814-1818. https://doi.org/10.3746/jkfn.2010.39.12.1814