Fluoride and nitrate removal in small water treatment plants using electro-coagulation

전기응집을 이용한 소규모 수도시설의 질산성질소와 불소이온 제거

  • 한송희 (호서대학교 대학원 BK21 반도체디스플레이공학과) ;
  • 장인성 (호서대학교 환경공학과)
  • Published : 2011.10.15

Abstract

In this study we verified if the electro-coagulation process can treat properly the nitrate and fluoride that are not removed well in the conventional small water treatment plants which usually employ chlorination and filtration only. As we gave a change of electrode material and gap-distance between electrodes, removal efficiency of the nitrate and fluoride was determined by electro-coagulation process which were equipped with aluminum and stainless steel (SUS304) electrodes. In addition, electrode durability was investigated by determination of electrodes mass change during the repetitive experiments. Removal efficiency was great when aluminum was used as an anode material. Nitrate removals increased as electric density and number of electrodes increased, but fluoride removal was less sensitive to both parameters than nitrate. After 10 minutes of contact time with the current density from $1{\times}10^{-3}$ to $3{\times}10^{-3}A/cm^{2}$, nitrate and fluoride concentration ranged from 9.2 to 1.2mg/L and from 0.02 to 0.01mg/L, which satisfied the regulation limits. Regardless of the repeating number of experiments, removal efficiency of both ions were almost similar and the change of electrode mass ranged within ${\pm}$0.5%, indicating that the loss of the electrode mass is not so much great under the limited circumstances.

Keywords

References

  1. 강광남, 김인환, 윤용수 (2000) "전기분해를 이용한 불소제거", 대한위생학회지, 15(2), pp.41-48,
  2. 김홍태, 김경호 (2007) "소규모수도시설의 효율적 개선방안에 관한 연구", 한국수처리학회지, 15(4), pp. 65-76
  3. 심주현, 강세한, 서형준 (2008) "전기화학적공정에서 질산성질소 제거효율 향상에 관한 연구", 대한환경공학회지, 30(2), pp. 155-160
  4. 하지영, 박정훈, 우성훈, 박승조 (2007) "입자상 알루미늄 충전복극전해조에 의한 불소제거", 대한환경공학회지, 29(6), pp. 684-688
  5. 한무영, 송재민, 박상철 (2004) "정수처리에서 전기응집과 화학응집의 처리효율 비교", 상하수도학회지, 18(5), pp.689-695
  6. 환경부 (2008(1)), 08년 상반기 민관합동 수질검사결과
  7. 환경부 (2009), 09년 하반기 민관합동 수질검사결과
  8. 환경부 (2008(2)), 먹는 물 법정수질검사 결과
  9. 환경부 (2008(3)), 소규모수도시설 개량사업 추진
  10. APHA, AWWA, WEF (1995) Standard method for the examination of water and wastewater, 19th edition
  11. Emamjomeh Mohammad. M., Muttucumaru. Sivakumar (2009) "Review of pollutants removed by electrocoagulation and electrocoagulation/flota tion processes", Journal of Environmental Management, 90(5), pp. 1663-1679 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2008.12.011
  12. Ghosh D., C.R. Medhia, M.K. Purkait (2008) "Treatment of fluoride containing drinking water by electrocoagulation using monopolar and bipolar electrode connections", Chemosphere, 73(9), pp. 1393-1400 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2008.08.041
  13. Golder A.K., A.N. Samanta, S. Ray (2007) "Removal of $Cr^{3+}$ by electrocoagulation with multiple electrodes: Bipolar and monopolar configurations", Journal of Hazardous Materials, 141(3), pp.653-661 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2006.07.025
  14. Idil Arslan-Alaton, Is ik Kabdasl i, Deniz Hanbaba, Elif Kuybu (2008) "Electrocoagulation of a real reactive dyebath effluent using aluminum and stainless steel electrodes", Journal of Hazardous Materials, 150(1), pp.166-173 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2007.09.032
  15. Irdemez Sahset, Nuhi Demircioglu, Yalin Sevki Yildiz, Z leyha Bing l (2006) "The effects of current density and phosphate concentration on phosphate removal from wastewater by electrocoagulation using aluminum and iron plate electrodes", Separation and Purification Technology, 52(2), pp.218-223 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.seppur.2006.04.008
  16. Jiang Jia-Qian, Nigel Graham, Cecile Andr, Geoff H. Kelsall, Nigel Brandon (2002) "Laboratory study of electro-coagulation-flotation for water treatment", Water Research, 36(16), pp.4064-4078 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0043-1354(02)00118-5
  17. Mouedhen G., M. Feki, M. De Petris Wery, H.F. Ayedi (2008) "Behavior of aluminum electrodes in electrocoagulation process", Journal of Hazardous Materials, 150(1), 124-135 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2007.04.090
  18. Un Umran Tezcan, A. Savas Koparal, Ulker Bakir Ogutveren (2009) "Electrocoagulation of vegetable oil refinery wastewater using aluminum electrodes", Journal of Environmental Management, 90(1), pp.428-433 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2007.11.007
  19. Zuo Qianha, Xueming Chena, Wei Lia, Guohua Chen, (2008) "Combined electrocoagulation and electroflotation for removal of fluoride from drinking water", Journal of Hazardous Materials, 159(2-3), pp. 452-457 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2008.02.039