Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition (한국식품영양과학회지)

The Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition (한국식품영양과학회)
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Quality Characteristics of Steamed Bread with Repeated Fermentation Processes

스팀빵의 발효횟수에 따른 품질특성 변화

  • Received : 2011.01.25
  • Accepted : 2011.03.15
  • Published : 2011.04.30
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Abstract

This research was performed to determine the quality characteristics of steamed bread by the number of times through the fermentation process. The number of fermentations varied from 1 to 5 while the steamed bread was prepared by measuring the duration of fermentation, and samples were analyzed in terms of general ingredients, physical properties, in vitro starch hydrolysis, protein digestibility, and sensory characteristics. Five times of fermentation resulted in significantly higher water content (p<0.01), and single fermentation led to the highest protein content (p<0.01). Protein levels decreased as fermentation was repeated. Single fermentation gave the lowest specific bread volume (p<0.05) and it increased with the number of fermentation times. Physical properties also varied with the number of times of fermentation. With more fermentation, hardness, gumminess, and chewiness decreased (p<0.01), whereas resilience (p<0.01) and cohesiveness (p<0.05) increased. In vitro starch hydrolysis was higher with 5 times of fermentation than with single to 3 times of fermentation (p<0.05). Protein digestibility was also higher with 5 times of fermentation (p<0.05). In sensory evaluations, whiteness scores were higher with 4 to 5 times of fermentation (p<0.01) whereas scores for crumb uniformity were lower with 4 and 5 times of fermentation. Moistness (p<0.01), cohesiveness (p<0.01), and chewiness (p<0.05) showed their highest scores with 4 times of fermentation.

연구에서는 스팀빵을 1차부터 5차까지 발효시켜 일반성분, 물리적 특성, 전분 가수 분해율, 단백질 소화율, 관능평가를 실시하여 최대 적정 발효횟수를 파악하고자 하였으며 이에 대한 결과는 다음과 같다. 일반성분 중 수분함량은 1차 발효 스팀빵이 가장 낮았고 5차 발효 스팀빵이 유의적(p<0.01)으로 가장 높았고 단백질 함량은 1차 발효 스팀빵이 유의적(p<0.01)으로 가장 높았다. 물리적 특성에서 비용적은 1차 발효 스팀빵이 유의적(p<0.05)으로 가장 낮았고 발효횟수가 증가함에 따라 증가하였다. 물성 특성에서는 발효횟수에 따라 견고성, 검성이 유의적(p<0.01)으로 감소하였고 응집성(p<0.05)은 유의적으로 증가하였다. 전분 가수분해율은 5차 발효 스팀빵이 1, 2, 3차 발효 스팀빵보다 유의적(p<0.05)으로 높게 나타났고, 단백질 소화율은 5차 발효 스팀빵이 1, 2, 4차보다 유의적(p<0.05)으로 높았다. 관능평가에서는 색상의 흰 정도는 4, 5차 발효 스팀빵에서 유의적(p<0.01)으로 높게 나타났고 기공의 균일성은 4, 5차 발효 스팀빵에서 유의적(p<0.01)으로 낮은 점수를 보였다. 촉촉한 정도(p<0.01), 응집성(p<0.01), 씹힘성(p<0.05), 전반적인 기호도(p<0.01)는 4차 발효 스팀빵이 유의적으로 높았다. 전체 평균 점수에서도 4차 발효 스팀빵이 유의적(p<0.01)으로 가장 높은 관능평가 점수를 보였다. 이상을 살펴볼 때, 스팀빵의 발효횟수가 증가함에 따라 관능적인 측면에서 5차 발효까지는 과발효에 의한 불쾌취가 없었고 색상, 촉촉한 정도, 씹힘성, 단맛 등이 증가하였으며 전반적인 기호도에서도 높은 점수를 보였으므로 발효 스팀빵의 발효횟수를 늘린다면, 부드러운 질감이 향상되어 입안의 식감을 높일 수 있는 제품 개발이 가능할 것으로 여겨진다. 또한, 발효횟수를 증가시킨 경우, 단백질 함량이 감소하고, 전분 가수분해율과 단백질 소화율은 증가하였다. 따라서 기존 스팀빵의 발효횟수를 적절히 증가시키는 경우, 관능적, 물성적 측면뿐 아니라 소화율도 높일 수 있는 향상된 품질의 신제품 제조가 가능할 것으로 사료된다.

Keywords

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