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Changes in Contents of γ-Aminobutyric Acid (GABA) and Isoflavones in Traditional Korean Doenjang by Ripening Periods

전통된장의 숙성기간에 따른 γ-Aminobutyric Acid(GABA), Isoflavone 함량 변화

  • Jo, Seong-Jin (Division of Food Bioscience & Technology, College of Life Sciences & Biotechnology, Korea University) ;
  • Hong, Chung-Oui (Division of Food Bioscience & Technology, College of Life Sciences & Biotechnology, Korea University) ;
  • Yang, Sung-Yong (Division of Food Bioscience & Technology, College of Life Sciences & Biotechnology, Korea University) ;
  • Choi, Kyong-Kun (Nonghyup Food Safety Research Institute) ;
  • Kim, Hyeong-Kook (Nonghyup Food Safety Research Institute) ;
  • Yang, Hyok (SEMO Co., Ltd.) ;
  • Lee, Kwang-Won (Division of Food Bioscience & Technology, College of Life Sciences & Biotechnology, Korea University)
  • 조성진 (고려대학교 생명과학대학 식품공학부) ;
  • 홍충의 (고려대학교 생명과학대학 식품공학부) ;
  • 양성용 (고려대학교 생명과학대학 식품공학부) ;
  • 최경근 (농협 식품안전연구원) ;
  • 김형국 (농협 식품안전연구원) ;
  • 양혁 ((주)세모) ;
  • 이광원 (고려대학교 생명과학대학 식품공학부)
  • Received : 2011.01.07
  • Accepted : 2011.03.15
  • Published : 2011.04.30

Abstract

This study was performed to investigate changes in ${\gamma}$-aminobutyric acid (GABA) and isoflavones in traditional Korean Doenjang according to ripening periods. The traditional Korean Doenjang used in this research was produced at Seowon Agricultural Cooperative in Gangwon-do Province, and samples fermented for periods of 1, 3, 5, 7, and 10 years were used. Doenjang that was not fermented after production was used as a control group. The analysis results of general constituents indicated a decreasing tendency for moisture after a momentary increase until three years of fermentation. The pH and Hunter color values of the Doenjang samples decreased overtime. In the case of amino acids, generally there were no notable differences during fermentation, but glutamic acid, the precursor of GABA, significantly decreased with fermentation. GABA content for the control group was $24.9{\pm}0.8\;mg$/kg, while the traditional Korean Doenjang fermented for 1 year contained $43.8{\pm}0.2\;mg$/kg and after 3 years it increased to $120.6{\pm}3.9\;mg$/kg. Furthermore, samples fermented for 5 and 7 years contained $569.5{\pm}3.9\;mg$/kg and $930.7{\pm}7.1\;mg$/kg, respectively, and a 10 year old specimen had 77 times more GABA than the control group, with $1,938.7{\pm}4.8\;mg$/kg. This confirmed that GABA content increased with fermentation time. There were no significant differences in the isoflavone glycosides daidzin, genistin, and glycitin, but genistein and daidzein, which are aglycones, increased along with fermentation period by the actions of enzymes and microorganisms during fermentation.

본 연구는 전통된장의 숙성기간에 따라 일반성분, pH, 색도, 지방산, 아미노산, ${\gamma}$-aminobutyric acid(GABA) 및 isoflavone의 변화에 대해 연구하였다. 실험에 사용한 전통 된장은 강원도 서원 농협에서 제조한 된장으로 숙성기간이 1, 3, 5, 7 및 10년이 경과된 된장을 사용하였으며, 대조군으로는 숙성시키지 않은 된장을 사용하였다. 일반성분 중 수분의 경우 3년째까지 일시적으로 증가하였다가 그 이후에는 감소하는 경향을 나타내었으며, pH와 색도는 숙성기간이 증가함에 따라 감소하였다. 지방산의 경우 숙성기간에 따른 유의적인 차이는 없었으나 불포화지방산의 비율이 60% 이상을 차지하였다. 아미노산 또한 유의적인 차이는 없었으나 GABA의 전구체인 glutamic acid가 숙성기간이 증가함에 따라 유의적으로 감소하는 것으로 나타났다. 대조군 시료의 경우 GABA의 함량을 분석한 결과 24.9 mg/kg이었으나, 숙성기간이 증가함에 따라 43.8, 120.6, 569.5, 930.7 그리고 10년 숙성된 된장의 경우 1,938.7 mg/kg으로 대조군 시료에 비해 약 77배 증가하였다. Isoflavone 중 glycoside인 daidzin, genistin 및 glycitin은 유의적인 차이가 없었으나, aglycone 형태인 genistein과 daidzein의 경우 숙성기간이 경과될수록 증가하였다.

Keywords

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