References
- Clyde VL, Orosz SE, Munson L. Severe hepatic fibrosis and bile duct hyperplasia in four amazon parrots. J Avian Med Surg 1996; 10: 252-257.
- Cray C, Gautier D, Harrison D, Arheart KL. Changes in clinical enzyme activity and bile acid levels in psittacine birds with altered liver function and disease. J Avin Med Surg 2008; 22: 17-24. https://doi.org/10.1647/2006-011R.1
- Cray C, Rodrigues M, Zaias J. Protein electrophoresis of psittacine plasma. Vet Clin Pathol 2007; 36: 64-72. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1939-165X.2007.tb00184.x
- Davies RR. Avian Liver disease: etiology and pathogenesis. Semin Avian Exotic Pet Med 2000; 3: 115-125.
- Flammer K. Serum bile acids in psittacine birds. Proc Assoc Avian Vet 1994; 9-12.
- Forbes NA. Avian gastrointestinal surgery. Semin Avian Exotic Pet Med 2002; 4: 196-207.
- Fudge MM. Avian liver and gastrointestinal testing. In: Fudge MM (ed): Laboratory Medicine: avian and exotic pets, Philadelphia: WB Saunders. 2000; 47-55.
- Grizzle J, Hadley TL, Rotstein DS, Perrin SL, Gerhardt LE, Beam JD, Saxton AM, Jones MP, Daniel GB. Effects of dietary milk thistle on blood parameters, liver pathology, and hepatobiliary scintigraphy in white carneaux pigeons (Columba livia) challenges with B1 aflatoxin. J Avian Med Surg 2009; 23: 114-24. https://doi.org/10.1647/2008-020.1
- Harr KE. Clinical chemistry of companion avian species: a review. Vet Clin Pathol 2002; 31: 140-151. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1939-165X.2002.tb00295.x
- Hochleithner M, Hochleithner C, Harrison LD. Evaluating and treating the liver. In: Harrison GJ, Lightfoot TL (eds): Clinical avian medicine, Palm Beach: Spix Publishing. 2006; 441-449.
- Hoefer HL, Orosz S, Dorrestein GM. The gastrointestinal tract. In: Altman RB, Clubb SL, Dorrestein GM, Quesenberry K (eds): Avian medicine and surgery, Philadelphia: WB Saunders. 1997; 412-453.
- Jaensch S. Diagnosis of avian hepatic disease. Semin Avin Exotic Pet Med 2000; 9: 126-135. https://doi.org/10.1053/ax.2000.7140
- Krautwald-Junghanns M, Zebisch K, Enders F, Pees M, Willuhn J. Diagnosis of liver disease in birds by radiography and ultrasonography: under special consideration of ultrasoundguided liver biopsies. Semin Avian Exotic Pet Med 2001; 10: 153-161. https://doi.org/10.1053/saep.2001.24670
- Latimer KS. Oncology. In: Ritchie BW, Harrison GJ, Harrison LR (eds): Avian medicine: principles and application, Lake Worth: Wingers publishing. 1994; 640-672.
- Schmidt RE, Reavill DR, Phalen DN. Liver. In: Pathology of pet and aviary birds. Blackwell Publishing, Iowa. 2003; 67-94.
- Tedesco D, Steidler S, Galletti S, Tameni M, Sonzogni O, Ravarotto L. Efficacy of silymarin-phospholipid complex in reducing the toxicity of aflatoxin B1 in broiler chicks. Poult Sci 2004; 83: 1839-43. https://doi.org/10.1093/ps/83.11.1839
- Woods LW, Plumlee KH. Avian toxicoses: veterinary diagnostic laboratory perspective. Semin Avian Exotic Pet Med 1999; 8: 32-35. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1055-937X(99)80033-4