비파괴검사학회지 (Journal of the Korean Society for Nondestructive Testing)

  • 제31권6호
  • /
  • Pages.642-649
  • /
  • 2011
  • /
  • 1225-7842(pISSN)
  • /
  • 2287-402X(eISSN)
한국비파괴검사학회 (The Korean Society for Nondestructive Testing)
권호 표지

Long-Term Aging Diagnosis of Rotor Steel Using Acoustic Nonlinearity

  • Kim, Chung-Seok (Automotive Engineering, Hanyang University) ;
  • Park, Ik-Keun (Department of Mechanical Engineering, Seoul National University of Science and Technology) ;
  • Jhang, Kyung-Young (School of Mechanical Engineering, Hanyang University) ;
  • Hyun, Chang-Yong (Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Seoul National University of Science and Technology)
  • 투고 : 2011.09.19
  • 심사 : 2011.12.08
  • 발행 : 2011.12.30
PDF 다운로드
⟨ 이전 논문 다음 논문 ⟩

초록

The long-term aging of ferritic 2.25CrMo steel was characterized using the acoustic nonlinear effect in order to apply to diagnose the degradation behavior of structural materials. We measured the acoustic nonlinearity parameter for each thermally aged specimen by the higher harmonic-generation technique. The acoustic nonlinearity parameter increased with aging time due to equilibrium M6C carbide precipitation, and has a favorable linear relation with Rockwell hardness. This study suggests that acoustic nonlinearity testing may be applicable to diagnostics on strength degradation in rotor steels.

키워드

참고문헌

  1. J. N. Mohapatra, J. Swaminathan, M. Ghosh, A. K. Panda and R. N. Ghosh, "Magnetic evaluation of creep in modified 9Cr-1Mo steel," Scripta Materialia, Vol. 57, No. 9, pp. 813-816 (2007) https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scriptamat.2007.07.004
  2. B. Sun and Y. Guo, "High-cycle fatigue damage measurement based on electrical resistance change considering variable electrical resistivity and uneven damage," International Journal of Fatigue, Vol. 26, No. 5, pp. 457-462 (2004) https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijfatigue.2003.10.004
  3. B. Raj, C. K. Mukhopadhyay and T. Jayakumar, "Frontiers in NDE research nearing maturity for exploitation to ensure structural integrity of pressure retaining components," International Journal of Pressure Vessels and Piping, Vol. 83, No. 5, pp. 322-355 (2006) https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpvp.2006.02.025
  4. N. Yusa, S. Perrin and K. Miya, "Eddy current data for characterizing less volumetric stress corrosion cracking in nonmagnetic materials," Material Letters, Vol. 61, No. 3, pp. 827-829 (2007) https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matlet.2006.05.071
  5. C. Bermes, J. Y. Kim, J. Qu and L. J. Jacobs, "Nonlinear Lamb waves for the detection of material nonlinearity," Mechanical Systems and Signal Processing, Vol. 22, No. 3, pp. 638-646 (2008) https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ymssp.2007.09.006
  6. R. P. Courtney, B. W. Drinkwater, S. A. Neild and P. D. Wilcox, "Factors affecting the ultrasonic intermodulation crack detection technique using bispectral analysis," NDT & E International, Vol. 41, No. 3, pp. 223-234 (2008) https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ndteint.2007.09.004
  7. C. S. Kim, Y. H. Kim and I. H. Kim, "Ultrasonic linear and nonlinear parameters in cyclically deformed. Cu and Cu-35Zn alloy," Key Engineering Materials, Vol. 297-300, No. 3, pp. 2134-2139 (2005) https://doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/KEM.297-300.2134
  8. C. S. Kim, C. Y. Hyun and K. Y. Jhang, "Creep characterization of superalloy IN-738 using ultrasonic nonlinearity measurement," International Journal of Modern Physics B, Vol. 25, No. 10, pp. 1385-1392 (2011) https://doi.org/10.1142/S0217979211100011
  9. C. S. Kim and C. J. Lissenden, "Precipitate contribution to the acoustic nonlinearity in nickel-based superalloy," Chinese Physics Letters, Vol. 26, No. 8, pp. 086107 (2009) https://doi.org/10.1088/0256-307X/26/8/086107
  10. J. H. Cantrell and W. T. Yost, "Effect of precipitate coherency strains on acoustic harmonic generation," Journal of Applied Physics, Vol. 81, No. 7, pp. 2957-2962 (1997) https://doi.org/10.1063/1.364327
  11. D. C. Hurley, D. Balzar, P. T. Purtscher and K. W. Hollman, "Nonlinear ultrasonic parameter in quenched martensitic steels," Journal of Applied Physics, Vol. 83, No. 9, pp. 4584-4588 (1998) https://doi.org/10.1063/1.367241
  12. J. H. Cantrell, "Crystalline structure and symmetry dependence of acoustic nonlinearity parameter," Journal of Applied Physics, Vol. 76, No. 6, pp. 3372-3380 (1994) https://doi.org/10.1063/1.357463
  13. J. Melngailis, A. A. Maradudin and A. Seeger, "Diffraction of light by ultrasound in anharmonic crystals," Physical Review, Vol. 131, No. 5, pp. 1972-1975 (1963) https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRev.131.1972
  14. A. M. Abdel-Latif, J. M. Corbett and D. M. R. Taplin, "Aanlysis of carbides formed during accelerated aging of 2.25Cr-1Mo steel," Metal Science, Vol. 16, pp. 90-96 (1982)
  15. R. G. Baker and J. Nutting, "The tempering of 2.25CrMo steel after quenching and normalizing," Iron and Steel Institute, Vol. 192, pp. 257-268 (1959)
  16. J. Pilling and N. Ridely, "Tempering of 2.25 pct Cr-1 pct Mo low carbon steels," Metallurgical Transactions A, Vol. 13, pp. 557-563 (1982) https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02644419
  17. N. Gope, A. Chatterjee, T. Mukherjee and D. S. Sarma, "Influence of long-term aging and superimposed creep stress on the microstructure of 2.25cr-1Mo steel," Metallurgical Transactions A, Vol. 24, pp. 315-326 (1993) https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02657318
  18. V. Moorthy, S. Vaidyanathan, B. Raj, T. Jayakumar and B. P. Kashyap, "Insight into the microstructural characterization of ferritic steels using micromagnetic parameters," Metallurgical and Materials Transactions A, Vol. 31, pp. 1053-1065 (2000) https://doi.org/10.1007/s11661-000-0101-7
  19. J. Pesicka, R. Kuzel, A. Dronhofer and G. Eggeler, "The evolution of dislocation density during heat treatment and creep of tempered martensite ferritic steels," Acta Materialia, Vol. 51, pp. 4847-4862 (2003) https://doi.org/10.1016/S1359-6454(03)00324-0
  20. M. Gojic, L. Kosec and P. Matkovic, "The effect of tempering temperature on the mechanical properties and microstructure of low alloy Cr and CrMo steel," Journal of Materials Science, Vol. 33, pp. 395-403 (1998) https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1004375914591
  21. H. T. Yang and S. T. Kim, "A study on the mechanical strength change of 2.25Cr-1Mo steel by thermal aging," Materials Science and Engineering A, Vol. 319-321, pp. 316-320 (2001) https://doi.org/10.1016/S0921-5093(01)01008-5
  22. R. L. Klueh, "Interaction solid solution hardening in 2.25Cr-1Mo steel," Materials Science and Engineering, Vol. 35, pp. 239-253 (1978) https://doi.org/10.1016/0025-5416(78)90126-X
  23. N. S. Cheruvu, "Degradation of mechanical properties of Cr-Mo-V and 2.25Cr-1Mo steel components after long-term service at elevated temperatures," Metallurgical Transactions A, Vol. 20, pp. 87-97 (1989)
  24. S. D. Norris and J. D. Parker, "The effect of microstructure on fracture mechanisms of 2.25Cr1Mo low alloy steel, part B: the influence of carbides," International Journal of Pressure Vessels & Piping, Vol. 67, pp. 329-337 (1996) https://doi.org/10.1016/0308-0161(95)00057-7
  25. B. E. Peddle and C. A. Pickles, "Carbide and hardness development in the heat-affected zone of tempered and postweld heat-treated 2.25Cr-1Mo steel weldments," Journal of Materials Engineering and Performance, Vol. 9, pp. 477-488 (2000) https://doi.org/10.1361/105994900770345593
  26. A. Hikata, B. B. Chick and C. Elbaum, "Dislocation contribution to the second harmonic generation of ultrasonic waves," Journal of Applied Physics, Vol. 36, pp. 229-236 (1965) https://doi.org/10.1063/1.1713881
  27. S. Saroja, P. Parameswaran, M. Vijayalakshmi and V. S. Raghunathan, "Prediction of microstructural states in Cr-Mo steels using phase evolution diagrams," Acta Metallurgical and Materials, Vol. 43, pp. 2985-3000 (1995) https://doi.org/10.1016/0956-7151(95)00022-N