References
- Beattie, A.J.(1985) The Evolutionary Ecology of Ant-Plant Mutualism. Cambridge Univ. Press, New York, USA, 182pp.
- Edwards, W., M. Dunlop and L. Rodgerson(2006) The evolution of rewards: seed dispersal, seed size and elaiosome size. Journal of Ecology 94: 687-694. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2745.2006.01116.x
- Fischer, R.C., V. Mayer, A. Richter, F. Hadacek and V. Mayer (2008) Chemical differences between seeds and elaiosomes indicate an adaptation to nutritional needs of ants. Oecologia 155: 539-547. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00442-007-0931-8
- Garrido, J.L., P.J. Rey and C.M. Herrera(2009) Influence of elaiosome on postdispersal dynamics of an ant-dispersed plant. Acta Oecologica 35: 393-399. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.actao.2009.02.001
- Gorb, E. and S. Gorb(2003) Seed Dispersal by Ants in a Deciduous Forest Ecosystem: Mechanisms, Strategies, Adaptations. Kluwer Academic Publishers, 225pp.
- Gorb, S.N. and E.V. Gorb(1999) Dropping rates of elaiosome-bearing seeds during transport by ants(Formica polyctena Forest.): Implications for distance dispersal. Acta Oecologica 20(5): 509-518. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1146-609X(00)86618-7
- Lanza, J., M.A. Schmitt and A.B. Awad(1992) Comparative chemistry of elaiosomes of three species of Trillium. Journal of Chemical Ecology 18(2): 209-220. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00993754
- Lengyel, S., A.D. Gove, A.M. Latimer, D. Majer, J.D. and R.R. Dunn(2010) Convergent evolution of seed dispersal by ants, and phylogeny and biogeography in flowering plants: A global survey. Perspectives in Plant Ecology, Evolution and Systematics 12(1): 43-55. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ppees.2009.08.001
- Moreau, C.S., C.D. Bell, R. Vila, S.B. Achivald and N.E. Pierce (2006) Phylogeny of the ants: diversification in the age of angiosperms. Science 312: 101-104. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1124891
- Ohkawara, K., S. Higashi and M. Ohara(1996) Effects of ants, ground beetles and seed-fall patterns on myrmecochory of Erythronium japonicum Decne. (Liliaceae). Oecologia 106: 500-506. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00329708
- Ohkawara, K., M. Ohara and S. Higashi(1997) The evolution of ant-dispersal in a spring-ephemeral Corydalis ambigua (Papaveraceae): timing of seed-fall and effects of anta and ground beetles. Ecography 20: 217-223. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0587.1997.tb00364.x
- Rico-Gray, V. and P.S. Oliveira(2007) The Ecology and Evolution of Ant-Plant Interactions. the Univ. of Chicago Press, Chicago, USA, 331pp.
- Schowalter, T.D.(2006) Insect Ecology; An Ecosystem Approach. 2nd ed. Academic Press, 572pp.
- Servigne, P. and C. Detrain(2010) Opening myrmecochory's black box: what happens inside the ant nest? Ecological Research 25: 663-672. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11284-010-0700-8
- Youngstedadt, E., S. Nojima, C. Haberlein, S. Schulz and C. Schal(2008) Seed odor mediates an obligate ant-plant mutualism in Amazonian rainforests. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 105(12): 4571-4575. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0708643105