Biomolecules & Therapeutics

The Korean Society of Applied Pharmacology (한국응용약물학회)
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Ethyl Docosahexaenoate and Its Acidic Form Increase Bone Formation by Induction of Osteoblast Differentiation and Inhibition of Osteoclastogenesis

  • Choi, Bo-Yun (Department of Dental Pharmacology, School of Dentistry and Institute of Oral Bioscience, Brain Korea 21 Project, Chonbuk National University) ;
  • Eun, Jae-Soon (College of Pharmacy, Woosuk University) ;
  • Nepal, Manoj (Department of Dental Pharmacology, School of Dentistry and Institute of Oral Bioscience, Brain Korea 21 Project, Chonbuk National University) ;
  • Lee, Mi-Kyung (College of Pharmacy, Woosuk University) ;
  • Bae, Tae-Sung (Department of Dental Biomaterials, School of Dentistry, Chonbuk National University) ;
  • Kim, Byung-Il (Department of Materials Science and Metallurgical Engineering, Sunchon National University) ;
  • Soh, Yun-Jo (Department of Dental Pharmacology, School of Dentistry and Institute of Oral Bioscience, Brain Korea 21 Project, Chonbuk National University)
  • Received : 2010.11.25
  • Accepted : 2011.01.07
  • Published : 2011.01.31
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Abstract

Bone remodeling is a dynamic process involving a constant balance between osteoclast-induced bone resorption and osteoblast-induced bone formation. Osteoclasts play a crucial homeostatic role in skeletal modeling and remodeling, and destroy bone in many pathological conditions. Previously, we reported that the hexane soluble fraction of Ficus carica inhibited osteoclast differentiation. Poly unsaturated fatty acids, such as ethyl docosahexaenoate (E-DHA), docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), cis-11,14-eicosadienoic acid (EDA) and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), were identified from the hexane soluble fraction of Ficus carica. Among them, E-DHA most potently inhibited osteoclastogenesis in RAW264.7 cells. E-DHA reduced the activities of JNK and NF-$\kappa}B$. E-DHA suppressed the expression of c-Fos and nuclear factor of activated T cells c1 (NFATc1). Interestingly, DHA increased the activity of alkaline phosphatase and expression of bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP2) more than E-DHA in MC3T3-E1 cells, suggesting that DHA may induce osteoblast differentiation. The data suggests that a combination of E-DHA and DHA has potential use in the treatment of diseases involving abnormal bone lysis, such as osteoporosis, rheumatoid arthritis and periodontal bone erosion.

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References

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