정보처리학회논문지B (The KIPS Transactions:PartB)

한국정보처리학회 (Korea Information Processing Society)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

차이값 히스토그램 기반 가역 워터마킹의 행열 교차 스캐닝을 통한 성능 향상 기법

Performance Enhancement through Row-Column Cross Scanning in Differential Histogram-based Reversible Watermarking

  • 여동규 (국립금오공과대학교 컴퓨터공학과) ;
  • 이해연 (국립금오공과대학교 컴퓨터공학부) ;
  • 김병만 (국립금오공과대학교 컴퓨터공학부)
  • 투고 : 2010.09.07
  • Accepted : 2010.12.22
  • Published : 2011.02.28
PDF 다운로드
⟨ 이전 논문 다음 논문 ⟩

Abstract

가역 워터마킹 기법은 디지털 콘텐츠에 지각적 투명성을 유지하며 워터마크를 삽입한 후, 이를 아무런 손상없이 원본 상태로 복원할 수 있는 메시지 은닉 수단으로서 높은 품질과 높은 삽입용량이 요구되는 분야에서 다양하게 이용되어질 수 있다. 본 논문에서는 차이값 히스토그램 기반의 가역 워터마킹에서 응용분야의 요구에 맞게 높은 삽입용량을 제공하기 위한 효율적인 반복삽입 알고리즘을 제안한다. 제안한 방법에서는 메시지가 삽입된 영상에 대하여 반복삽입할 때, 지역성을 최대한 활용하기 위하여 행열 교차 스캐닝 방법을 이용하였다. 다양한 영상들에 대하여 비교 분석한 실험 결과에 따르면 제안한 알고리즘은 완전한 가역성과 함께 낮은 왜곡을 유지하면서도 효율적인 반복삽입을 통한 높은 삽입용량을 얻을 수 있었다.

Reversible watermarking inserts watermark into digital media in such a way that visual transparency is preserved, which enables the restoration of the original media from the watermarked one without any loss of media quality. It has various applications, where high capacity and high visual quality are major requirements. This paper presents a new effective multi-round embedding scheme for the differential histogram-based reversible watermarking that satisfies high capacity requirements of the application. The proposed technique exploits the row-column cross scanning to fully utilize the locality of images when multi-round embedding phase to the message inserted image. Through experiments using multiple kinds of test images, we prove that the presented algorithm provides 100% reversibility, effectiveness of multi-round embedding, and higher visual quality, while maintaining the induced-distortion low.

Keywords

References

  1. I. J. Cox, M. Miller, J. A. Bloom, J. Fridrich and T. Kalker, "Digital Watermarking and Steganography," Morgan Kaufmann Publishers Inc., San Francisco, CA, 2007.
  2. H. T. Sencar, M. Ramkumar and A. N. Akansu, "Data Hiding Fundamentals and Applications: Content Security in Digital Multimedia," Academic Press, Inc., Orlando, FL, 2004.
  3. M. Wu and B. Liu, "Multimedia Data Hiding," Springer-Verlag, USA, 2003.
  4. M. Awrangjeb, "An Overview of Reversible Data Hiding, "Proc. of the Sixth International Conference on Computer and Information Technology, Jahangirnagar University, Bangladesh, pp.75-79, 2003.
  5. F. Mintzer, J. Lotspiech and N. Morimoto, "Safeguarding digital library contents and users: digital watermarking," D-Lib Magazine, 1997.
  6. J. Fridrich, M. Goljan and R. Du, "Invertible authentication," Proc. of the SPIE, Security and Watermarking of Multimedia Contents, San Jose, CA, Vol.4314, pp.197-208, 2001. https://doi.org/10.1117/12.435400
  7. M.U. Celik, G. Sharma, A.M. Tekalp and E. Saber, "Lossless generalized-LSB data embedding," IEEE Trans. on Image Processing, Vol.14, No.2, pp.253-266, 2005. https://doi.org/10.1109/TIP.2004.840686
  8. B. Yang, M. Schmucker, C.B.W. Funk and S. Sun, "Integer DCT-based reversible watermarking for images using compounding technique," Proc. of the SPIE, Security, Steganography, and Watermarking of Multimedia Contents, San Jose, CA, Vol.5306, pp.405-415, 2004. https://doi.org/10.1117/12.527216
  9. G. Xuan, Q. Yao, C. Yang, J. Gao, P. Chai, Y.Q. Shi and Z. Ni, "Lossless data hiding using histogram shifting method based on integer wavelets," International Workshop on Digital Watermarking, Lecture Notes in Computer Science, Vol.4283, Springer, Jeju Island, Korea, pp.323-332, 2006. https://doi.org/10.1007/11922841_26
  10. S. Lee, C.D. Yoo and T. Kalker, "Reversible image watermarking based on integer-to-integer wavelet transform," IEEE Trans. on Information Forensics and Security, Vol.2, No.3, pp.321-330, 2007. https://doi.org/10.1109/TIFS.2007.905146
  11. J. Tian, "Reversible data embedding using a difference expansion," IEEE Trans. on Circuits and Systems for Video Technology, Vol.13, No.8, pp.890-896, 2003. https://doi.org/10.1109/TCSVT.2003.815962
  12. A.M. Alattar, "Reversible watermark using difference expansion of triplets," Proc. of the IEEE International Conference on Image Processing, Barcelona, Spain, Vol.1, pp.501-504, 2003. https://doi.org/10.1109/ICIP.2003.1247008
  13. A.M. Alattar, "Reversible watermark using difference expansion of quads," Proc. of the IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing, Montreal, Canada, Vol.3, pp.377-380, 2004. https://doi.org/10.1109/ICASSP.2004.1326560
  14. A.M. Alattar, "Reversible watermark using the difference expansion of a generalized integer transform," IEEE Trans. on Image Processing, Vol.13, No.8, pp.1147-1156, 2004. https://doi.org/10.1109/TIP.2004.828418
  15. L. Kamstra and H.J.A.M. Heijmans, "Reversible data embedding into images using wavelet techniques and sorting," IEEE Trans. on Image Processing, Vol.14, No.12, pp.2082-2090, 2005. https://doi.org/10.1109/TIP.2005.859373
  16. D.M. Thodi and J.J. Rodriguez, "Expansion embedding techniques for reversible watermarking," IEEE Trans. on Image Processing, Vol.16, No.3, pp.721-730, 2007. https://doi.org/10.1109/TIP.2006.891046
  17. Z. Ni, Y.-Q. Shi, N. Ansari and W. Su, "Reversible data hiding," IEEE Trans. on Circuits and Systems for Video Technology, Vol.16, No.3, pp.354-362, Mar. 2006. https://doi.org/10.1109/TCSVT.2006.869964
  18. E. Varsaki, V. Fotopoulos and A.N. Skodras, "A reversible data hiding technique embedding in the image histogram," Technical Report HOU-CS-TR-2006-08-GR, Hellenic Open University, 2006.
  19. J.H. Hwang, J.W. Kim and J.U. Choi, "A reversible watermarking based on histogram shifting," International Workshop on Digital Watermarking, Lecture Notes in Computer Science, Vol.4283, Springer-Verlag, Jeju Island, Korea, pp.348-361, 2006. https://doi.org/10.1007/11922841_28
  20. W.-C. Kuo, D.-J. Jiang and Y.-C. Huang, "Reversible data hiding based on histogram," International Conference on Intelligent Computing, Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence, Vol.4682, Springer-Verlag, Qing Dao, China, pp.1152-1161, 2007.
  21. S.-K. Lee, Y.-H. Suh and Y.-S. Ho, "Lossless data hiding based on histogram modification of difference images," Pacific Rim Conference on Multimedia, Lecture Notes in Computer Science, Vol.3333, Springer-Verlag, Tokyo, Japan, pp.340-347, 2005.
  22. C.-C. Lin, W.-L. Tai and C.-C. Chang, "Multilevel reversible data hiding based on histogram modification of difference images," Pattern Recognition, Vol.41, No.12, pp.3582-3591, 2008. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.patcog.2008.05.015
  23. P. Tsai, Y.-C. Hu and H.-L. Yeh, "Reversible image hiding scheme using predictive coding and histogram shifting," Signal Processing, Vol.89, No.6, pp.1129-1143, 2009. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sigpro.2008.12.017
  24. K.-S. Kim, M.-J. Lee, H.-Y. Lee and H.-K. Lee, "Reversible data hiding exploiting spatial correlation between sub-sampled images," Pattern Recognition, Vol.42, No.11, pp.3083-3096, 2009. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.patcog.2009.04.004
  25. D.-G. Yeo, H.-Y. Lee, B. M. Kim, K.-S. Kim, "Reversible Image Watermarking with Differential Histogram Shifting and Error Prediction Compensation," Journal of KIISE : Software and Applications, vol.37, no.6, pp.417-429, 2010.
  26. D.-G. Yeo, H.-Y. Lee, and B. M. Kim, "High Capacity Reversible Watermarking using Differential Histogram Shifting and Predicted Error Compensation," Journal of Electronic Imaging, SPIE, vol.20, no.1, 2011. https://doi.org/10.1117/1.3532833