References
- Jun DW, Park HY, Lee OY, et al. A population-based study on bowel habits in a Korean community: prevalence of functional constipation and self-reported constipation. Dig Dis Sci 2006; 51:1471-1477. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10620-006-9087-3
- Myung SJ, Lee TH, Huh KC, Choi SC, Sohn CI. Diagnosis of constipation: a systematic review. Korean J Gastroenterol 2010; 55:316-324. https://doi.org/10.4166/kjg.2010.55.5.316
- Gladman MA, Lunniss PJ, Scott SM, Swash M. Rectal hyposensitivity. Am J Gastroenterol 2006;101:1140-1151. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1572-0241.2006.00604.x
- Sandler RS, Drossman DA. Bowel habits in young adults not seeking health care. Dig Dis Sci 1987;32:841-845. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01296706
- Longstreth GF, Thompson WG, Chey WD, Houghton LA, Mearin F, Spiller RC. Functional bowel disorders. Gastroenterology 2006;130:1480-1491. https://doi.org/10.1053/j.gastro.2005.11.061
- Tantiphlachiva K, Rao P, Attaluri A, Rao SS. Digital rectal examination is a useful tool for identifying patients with dyssynergia. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol 2010;8:955-960. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cgh.2010.06.031
- Kim J, Myung SJ, Yang DH, et al. Clinical characteristics of constipation with hypothyroidism. Intest Res 2010;8:48-57, doi: 10.5217/ir.2010.8.1.48.
- Baker JT, Harvey RF. Bowel habit in thyrotoxicosis and hypothyroidism. Br Med J 1971;1:322-323. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.1.5744.322
- Rao SS, Ozturk R, Laine L. Clinical utility of diagnostic tests for constipation in adults: a systematic review. Am J Gastroenterol 2005;100:1605-1615. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1572-0241.2005.41845.x
- Qureshi W, Adler DG, Davila RE, et al. ASGE guideline: guideline on the use of endoscopy in the management of constipation. Gastrointest Endosc 2005;62:199-201. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gie.2005.04.016
- Patriquin H, Martelli H, Devroede G. Barium enema in chronic constipation: is it meaningful? Gastroenterology 1978;75:619-622.
- Gerson DE, Lewicki AM, McNeil BJ, Abrams HL, Korngold E. The barium enema; evidence for proper utilization. Radiology 1979;130:297-301.
- Metcalf AM, Phillips SF, Zinsmeister AR, MacCarty RL, Beart RW, Wolff BG. Simplified assessment of segmental colonic transit. Gastroenterology 1987;92:40-47.
- Chaussade S, Khyari A, Roche H, et al. Determination of total and segmental colonic transit time in constipated patients: results in 91 patients with a new simplified method. Dig Dis Sci 1989; 34:1168-1172. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01537263
- Rao SS. Constipation: evaluation and treatment of colonic and anorectal motility disorders. Gastroenterol Clin North Am 2007; 36:687-711. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gtc.2007.07.013
- Rao SS, Hatfield R, Soffer E, Rao S, Beaty J, Conklin JL. Manometric tests of anorectal function in healthy adults. Am J Gastroenterol 1999;94:773-783. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1572-0241.1999.00950.x
- Rao SS, Patel RS. How useful are manometric tests of anorectal function in the management of defecation disorders? Am J Gastroenterol 1997;92:469-475.
- Morio O, Meurette G, Desfourneaux V, D'Halluin PN, Bretagne JF, Siproudhis L. Anorectal physiology in solitary ulcer syndrome: a case-matched series. Dis Colon Rectum 2005;48: 1917-1922. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10350-005-0105-x
- Jones MP, Post J, Crowell MD. High-resolution manometry in the evaluation of anorectal disorders: a simultaneous comparison with water-perfused manometry. Am J Gastroenterol 2007;102:850-855. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1572-0241.2007.01069.x
- Minguez M, Herreros B, Sanchiz V, et al. Predictive value of the balloon expulsion test for excluding the diagnosis of pelvic floor dyssynergia in constipation. Gastroenterology 2004;126:57-62. https://doi.org/10.1053/j.gastro.2003.10.044
- Agachan F, Pfeifer J, Wexner SD. Defecography and proctography: results of 744 patients. Dis Colon Rectum 1996;39:899-905. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02053989
- Liu BH, Fang SW, Zhang SB, Gong SG. Role and significance of pelvic four-contrast defecography in the diagnosis of outlet obstructive constipation. Zhonghua Wei Chang Wai Ke Za Zhi 2007;10:111-114.
- Bharucha AE, Fletcher JG. Recent advances in assessing anorectal structure and functions. Gastroenterology 2007;133:1069-1074. https://doi.org/10.1053/j.gastro.2007.08.051