Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences

The Korean Society of Fisheries and Aquatic Science (한국수산과학회)
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Anti-inflammatory Effects of Ethanolic Extracts from Codium fragile on LPS-Stimulated RAW 264.7 Macrophages via Nuclear Factor kappaB Inactivation

  • Yoon, Ho-Dong (Food and Safety Research Division, National Fisheries Research and Development Institute) ;
  • Jeong, Eun-Ji (Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Pukyong National University) ;
  • Choi, Ji-Woong (Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Pukyong National University) ;
  • Lee, Min-Sup (Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Pukyong National University) ;
  • Park, Myoung-Ae (Pathology Division, National Fisheries Research and Development Institute) ;
  • Yoon, Na-Young (Food and Safety Research Division, National Fisheries Research and Development Institute) ;
  • Kim, Yeon-Kye (Food and Safety Research Division, National Fisheries Research and Development Institute) ;
  • Cho, Deuk-Moon (Department of Food and Nutrition, Dong-Pusan College) ;
  • Kim, Jae-Il (Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Pukyong National University) ;
  • Kim, Hyeung-Rak (Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Pukyong National University)
  • Received : 2011.09.15
  • Accepted : 2011.11.10
  • Published : 2011.12.31
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Abstract

Bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) induces expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines and enzymes producing nitric oxide (NO) and prostaglandins (PGs) in immune cells. This process is mediated by the activation of nuclear factor kappaB (NF-${\kappa}B$). In this study, we investigated the anti-inflammatory characteristics of Codium fragile ethanolic extract (CFE) mediated by the regulation of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) using LPS-stimulated murine macrophage RAW 264.7 cells. CFE significantly inhibited LPS-induced NO and $PGE_2$ production in a dose-dependent manner and suppressed the expression of iNOS and COX-2 proteins in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells with no cytotoxicity. Pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as interleukin (IL)-$1{\beta}$, IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor-${\alpha}$, were significantly reduced by treatment of CFE in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells. CFE inhibited the promoter activity of (NF)-${\kappa}B$ in LPS-stimulated macrophages. Treatment with CFE suppressed translocation of the NF-${\kappa}B$ p65 subunit by preventing proteolytic degradation of inhibitor of ${\kappa}B-{\alpha}$. These results indicate that the CFE-mediated inhibition of NO and $PGE_2$ production in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells is mediated through the NF-${\kappa}B$-dependent transcriptional downregulation of iNOS and COX-2, suggesting the potential of CFE as a nutraceutical with anti-inflammatory activity.

Keywords

References

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