Neonatal Medicine

The Korean Society of Neonatology (대한신생아학회)
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Risk Factors for Hearing Loss in Very Low Birth Weight Infants: Results of Hearing Test in Infants <1,500 g

극소 저체중 출생아에서 청력 손상에 영향을 미치는 요인: 1,500 g미만의 청력 검사 결과

  • Sung, Min-Jung (Department of Pediatrics, Pusan National University School of Medicine) ;
  • Han, Young-Mi (Department of Pediatrics, Pusan National University School of Medicine) ;
  • Park, Kyung-Hee (Department of Pediatrics, Pusan National University School of Medicine) ;
  • Lee, Il-Woo (Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Pusan National University School of Medicine) ;
  • Byun, Shin-Yun (Department of Pediatrics, Pusan National University School of Medicine)
  • 성민정 (부산대학교 의학전문대학원 소아과학교실) ;
  • 한영미 (부산대학교 의학전문대학원 소아과학교실) ;
  • 박경희 (부산대학교 의학전문대학원 소아과학교실) ;
  • 이일우 (부산대학교 의학전문대학원 이비인후과학교실) ;
  • 변신연 (부산대학교 의학전문대학원 소아과학교실)
  • Published : 2011.11.30
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Abstract

Purpose: An association between very low birth weight infants(VLBWI) and hearing loss has long been recognized. Early identification and intervention for hearing loss benefits language and speech/cognitive development. We investigated the risk factors and clinical outcomes of hearing loss among VLBWI. Methods: We analyzed the results of auditory brainstem response (ABR) testing of VLBWI. These infants were admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) of Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital between December 2008 and February 2011. A follow-up was conducted subsequently. Results: ABR evaluations were performed on 65 infants, and 31 showed abnormal results (47.7%). Among the 31 infants, 10 were classified with moderate/severe/profound hearing loss (15.4%). The infants with abnormal ABR had a higher incidence of low birth weight, prolonged ventilator care, cumulative dose of furosemide, and the lowest $PaO_2$ (P<0.05). Those with moderate/severe/profound hearing loss had a higher incidence of low Apgar scores at 5 minutes (odds ratio[OR],0.34; 95% confidence interval[CI],0.13-0.89), prolonged ventilator care (OR,1.06; 95% CI,1.01-1.12), and mild hearing loss compared to those without profound hearing loss. Follow-up evaluations on eight infants with ABR reveled improvements 5.6${\pm}$3.9 months later. One infant, who had profound hearing loss in both ears, used a hearing aid. Conclusion: Factors influencing hearing loss at the first VLBWI hearing screening test included lower Apgar scores at 5 min and prolonged use of a ventilator. Most VLBWI with hearing losses were expected to recover after several months of follow-up.

목적: 양측 고도 난청은 신생아 집중치료실에서 치료를 하였던 신생아나 미숙아인 경우 위험률이 증가한다. 이에 저자들은 1,500 g 미만으로 출생한 미숙아를 대상으로 난청을 유발할 수 있는 인자들을 알아보고자 하였다. 방법: 2008년 12월부터 2011년 2월까지 부산대학교 어린이병원 신생아 중환자실에 입원한 1,500 g 미만의 미숙아 65명을 대상으로 난청의 위험 인자들의 의무 기록을 후향적으로 조사하였다. 청력 검사는 교정 연령 37주 이상이 되었을 때 ABR로 시행하였으며, 처음 검사에서 정상 청력인 환아와 난청인 환아로 분류하였다. 결과: 65명의 환아 중에서 34명은 정상으로 나왔고, 31명은 난청을 보였다(47.7%). 난청을 보인 환아 중에서 일상 생활에 지장을 주는 중도 이상의 난청을 가진 환아는 10명(15.4%) 이었다. 이들의 위험인자를 비교해본 결과 비정상군에서 청력 검사를 시행했던 시기가 늦었고, 출생 체중이 적었으며, 기계 환기를 했던 기간이 길었고, 생후 1주일간 동맥혈 가스 분석 결과 최저 산소 분압이 낮았고, 이뇨제의 누적 용량이 의미 있게 많았다 (P<0.05). 이 위험 인자를 경도 난청과 중/고도 난청/농으로 나누고 출생 체중으로 보정한 다인자 분석을 하니 5분 Apgar 점수가 증가할 때마다 중/고도 난청/농의 가능성은 낮아지고 (OR=0.34, 95% CI: 0.13-0.89), 기계 환기의 기간이 길어질 때마다 중/고도 난청/농의 가능성은 증가하였다(OR=1.06, 95% CI: 1.01-1.12). 31명의 난청 환아 중에 추적 검사를 시행한 17명 중 16명이 호전을 보였고(94.1%), ABR로 재검을 한 8명 중 7명은 호전이 될 때까지 평균 5.6개월이 소요되었으며, 1명만이 양측 농으로 나와 보청기를 착용하였다. 결론: 1,500 g 미만의 미숙아에게 처음 시행한 청력 선별 검사에서 중도 이상의 난청에 영향을 미치는 인자들은 낮은 5분 Apgar점수와 장기간의 인공 호흡기 사용이었고, 대부분이 5-6개월 이내에 청력에 호전을 보여 수개월간은 추적 검사를 시행하면서 회복되기를 기다려도 될 것으로 생각된다.

Keywords

References

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