Effects of Dialysate Calcium Concentration and Calcitriol on Bone Metabolism in Hemodialysis Patients

혈액투석에서 투석액 칼슘농도와 칼시트리올이 골대사에 미치는 영향

  • Youm, Ji-Youn (Department of Internal Medicine, Hanyang University College of Medicine) ;
  • Kim, Hyun-Chul (Department of Internal Medicine, Hanyang University College of Medicine) ;
  • Lee, Young-Chul (Department of Internal Medicine, Hanyang University College of Medicine) ;
  • Choi, Jong-Wook (Department of Internal Medicine, Hanyang University College of Medicine) ;
  • Park, Joon-Sung (Department of Internal Medicine, Hanyang University College of Medicine) ;
  • Lee, Chang-Hwa (Department of Internal Medicine, Hanyang University College of Medicine) ;
  • Kang, Chong-Myung (Department of Internal Medicine, Hanyang University College of Medicine) ;
  • Kim, Gheun-Ho (Department of Internal Medicine, Hanyang University College of Medicine)
  • 염지연 (한양대학교 의과대학 내과학교실) ;
  • 김현철 (한양대학교 의과대학 내과학교실) ;
  • 이영철 (한양대학교 의과대학 내과학교실) ;
  • 최종욱 (한양대학교 의과대학 내과학교실) ;
  • 박준성 (한양대학교 의과대학 내과학교실) ;
  • 이창화 (한양대학교 의과대학 내과학교실) ;
  • 강종명 (한양대학교 의과대학 내과학교실) ;
  • 김근호 (한양대학교 의과대학 내과학교실)
  • Published : 2011.12.01

Abstract

Background/Aims: Whereas higher dialysate calcium (Ca) levels may pose a risk of hypercalcemia, lower levels may induce a negative Ca balance. We evaluated the effect of lowering dialysate Ca levels from 1.75 to 1.5 mmol/L and explored the appropriate use of calcitriol to regulate bone metabolism in hemodialysis patients. Methods: The dialysate Ca levels of 36 patients were reduced from 1.75 to 1.5 mmol/L. They were divided into three groups according to basal intact parathyroid hormone (iPTH) level (group 1, iPTH < 150 pg/mL, n = 21; group 2, iPTH 150-300 pg/mL, n = 7; group 3, iPTH > 300 pg/mL, n = 8). Data were collected at 3-month intervals for 1 year. Results: Throughout the study period, no significant difference in phosphate binders, serum Ca, phosphorus (P), or Ca ${\times}$ P products was observed among groups. However, iPTH, alkaline phosphatase (AP), and calcitriol dosage patterns differed among groups. In group 1, iPTH and AP increased significantly over 12 months (p = 0.01). In group 2, iPTH and AP showed no significant changes. In group 3, iPTH and AP declined significantly over 12 months (p = 0.02). Calcitriol dosage did not change in groups 1 and 2, but increased significantly in group 3 (p = 0.001). Conclusions: After converting hemodialysate Ca levels from 1.75 to 1.5 mmol/L, the initially different iPTH concentrations converged to a modestly elevated level. The use of 1.5 mmol/L hemodialysate Ca may thus be appropriate for both high- and low-turnover bone disease if phosphate binders and calcitriol are combined appropriately.

목적: 현재 혈액투석에 사용 중인 투석액 칼슘 농도는 1.25 mmol/L, 1.5 mmol/L, 1.75 mmol/L로 구분된다. 고칼슘 투석액은 부갑상선호르몬의 분비를 억제시키는 효과가 있으나 고칼슘혈증 위험을 증가시키고, 저칼슘 투석액은 adynamic bone disease을 개선시키는 효과가 있으나 칼슘 평형을 악화 시킬 우려가 있으므로 투석액 칼슘 농도의 적절한 선택은 쉽지 않다. 저자들은 표준칼슘 농도인 1.5 mmol/L 투석액을 사용하였을 때 칼시트리올 용량 변화와 아울러 요독성 골질환에 미치는 효과를 평가하고자 하였다. 방법: 투석액 칼슘 농도 1.75 mmol/L로 1년 이상 혈액투석 중인 환자 36명에서 투석액 칼슘 농도를 1.5 mmol/L로 전환 후 1년간 경과를 추적하였다. 투석액 칼슘 농도를 낮추기 3개월 전에 측정한 혈청 iPTH 농도에 따라 환자를 1군(iPTH < 150 pg/mL, n = 21), 2군(iPTH 150-300 pg/mL, n = 7), 3군 (iPTH > 300 pg/mL, n = 8)으로 구분하여 혈청 칼슘, 인, 알칼리포스파타제, iPTH 농도를 3개월 간격으로 측정하였고, 인결합제 및 칼시트리올 용량 변화를 조사하였다. 결과: 투석액 칼슘 농도 1.75 mmol/L 사용 중 1군, 2군 및 3군의 iPTH 농도는 각각 57 ${\pm}$ 48 pg/mL, 191 ${\pm}$ 46 pg/mL, 589 ${\pm}$ 200 pg/mL로 유의한 차이가 있었다(p < 0.001). 투석액 칼슘 농도를 1.5 mmol/L로 전환 후 1군에서 혈청 iPTH가 12개월에 걸쳐 유의하게 증가하였다(p = 0.01). 3개월째부터 증가가 현저하여(57 ${\pm}$ 48 vs. 287 ${\pm}$ 266 pg/mL, p < 0.01) 이후 증가세를 유지하였다. 그러나 2군에서는 유의한 변화가 없었고, 3군의 혈청 iPTH는 12개월에 걸쳐 유의하게 감소하였는데(p = 0.02) 특히 9개월째 감소가 기저치에 비해 낮았다 (589 ${\pm}$ 200 vs. 242 ${\pm}$ 246 pg/mL, p < 0.01). 혈청 알칼리포스 파타제도 혈청 iPTH와 유사한 변화 양상을 보였다. 투석액 칼슘 농도를 1.5 mmol/L로 전환한 후 1군과 2군에서 인결합제와 칼시트리올 투여 용량의 유의한 변화는 없었으나, 3군에서 칼시트리올 용량이 6개월째부터 유의하게 증가하였고 (4.4 ${\pm}$ 5.1 vs. 9.6 ${\pm}$ 2.9 ${\mu}g$/month, p < 0.05) 나머지 기간 동안 증가 추세를 유지하였다. 결론: 혈액투석액 칼슘 농도를 1.75 mmol/L에서 1.5 mmol/L 으로 전환한 후 적절한 인결합제와 칼시트리올 투여 용량을 조정하면서 adynamic bone disease와 이차성 부갑상선항진증 환자에서 혈청 iPTH 측정치가 호전되는 경향을 보였다. 신성골형성장애가 있는 혈액투석 환자에서 투석액 칼슘 농도 1.5 mmol/L를 선택하는 것이 효과적일 수 있다.

Keywords

References

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