The Cisterna Chyli in Gastrointestinal Malignancy Patients: Incidence and Finding in CT

소화기계 암환자에서의 가슴림프관 팽대의 빈도와 소견

  • Lee, Jung-Bin (Department of Radiology, Soonchunhyang University College of Medicine) ;
  • Lee, Hae-Kyung (Department of Radiology, Soonchunhyang University College of Medicine) ;
  • Yi, Beom-Ha (Department of Radiology, Soonchunhyang University College of Medicine) ;
  • Park, Seong-Jin (Department of Radiology, Kyung Hee University College of Medicine) ;
  • Lee, Min-Hee (Department of Radiology, Soonchunhyang University College of Medicine) ;
  • Cha, Jang-Gyu (Department of Radiology, Soonchunhyang University College of Medicine) ;
  • Lee, Eun-Hye (Department of Radiology, Soonchunhyang University College of Medicine) ;
  • Hong, Hyun-Sook (Department of Radiology, Soonchunhyang University College of Medicine)
  • 이정빈 (순천향대학교 의과대학 영상의학과학교실) ;
  • 이혜경 (순천향대학교 의과대학 영상의학과학교실) ;
  • 이범하 (순천향대학교 의과대학 영상의학과학교실) ;
  • 박성진 (경희대학교 의과대학 영상의학과학교실) ;
  • 이민희 (순천향대학교 의과대학 영상의학과학교실) ;
  • 차장규 (순천향대학교 의과대학 영상의학과학교실) ;
  • 이은혜 (순천향대학교 의과대학 영상의학과학교실) ;
  • 홍현숙 (순천향대학교 의과대학 영상의학과학교실)
  • Published : 2011.10.01

Abstract

Purpose: To evaluate the incidence and volume of the cisterna chyli of gastrointestinal malignancy patients by CT. Materials and Methods: Contrast enhanced abdominal CT images of gastrointestinal malignancies from 1,421 patients were evaluated. The prevalence of cisterna chyli according to origin of primary tumor was recorded, and the volume of identifiable cisterna chyli was calculated. The average volumes were then compared by the ANOVA method. Results: The cisterna chyli was found in 352 patients (25.1%). Of these, the incidences by location were hepatocelluar carcinoma, 33.6% (n = 82), biliary carcinoma, 24.6% (n = 42), colon cancer 24.1% (n = 84), pancreatic cancer, 23.6% (n = 17), and gastric cancer, 22.4% (n = 127). The average volume of cisterna chyli was 387 ${\mu}L$, which was calculated from the averages by location as follows: biliary carcinoma 567 ${\mu}L$, colon cancer 536 ${\mu}L$, hepatocellular carcinoma 360 ${\mu}L$, gastric cancer 275 ${\mu}L$, and pancreas cancer 178 ${\mu}L$. No significant difference was found among primary tumors. Conclusion: Knowing the characteristics of the cisterna chyli is important for differentiating them from metastatic lymph nodes. The cisterna chyli of gastrointestinal malignancies was most commonly found in hepatocellular carcinoma cases. Further, no statistical difference among the volumes of the cisterna chyli or the origin of the primary tumors.

목적: 가슴림프관 팽대(cysterna chyli)는 횡격막 다리(crus of diaphragm) 뒤 공간에 존재하는 정상 구조물로 소화기계 암 환자에게서 CT상 가슴림프관 팽대의 발견 빈도와 부피에 대해 알아보았다. 대상과 방법: 소화기계 악성 종양이 있는 1,401명의 환자의 CT를 분석하여 가슴림프관 팽대의 존재 유무과 부피를 알아보고자 하였다. 구분 가능한 가슴림프관 팽대가 관찰된 경우 각각의 부피를 측정하였고 원발 종양별 평균 부피를 다변량 분산분석(ANOVA)을 통해 비교하였다. 결과: 전체 환자 중 가슴림프관 팽대가 관찰된 환자는 352명(25.1%)이었고 각 종양별 발견 빈도는 간세포암에서 33.6%(n = 82)로 가장 높았으며 담도암 24.6%(n = 42), 대장암 24.1%(n = 84), 췌장암 23.6%(n = 17), 위암 22.4%(n = 127) 순으로 나타났다. 평균 부피는 387 ${\mu}L$로 나타났으며 종양별 부피는 간담도암 567 ${\mu}L$, 대장암 536 ${\mu}L$, 간세포암 360 ${\mu}L$, 위암 275 ${\mu}L$, 췌장암 178 ${\mu}L$로 각 종양별 부피 차이는 없는 것으로 나타났다. 결론: 소화기계 악성종양 환자들에게서 가슴림프관 팽대의 존재를 아는 것은 전이 임파선과의 감별진단에 중요하다. 가슴림프관 팽대는 소화기계 악성종양 중 간세포암에서 가장 흔히 발견되었으며 크기는 원발 종양의 종류와는 의의 있는 차이가 없었다.

Keywords

References

  1. Feuerlein S, Kreuzer G, Schmidt SA, Muche R, Juchems MS, Aschoff AJ, et al. The cisterna chyli: prevalence, characteristics and predisposing factors. Eur Radiol 2009;19: 73-78 https://doi.org/10.1007/s00330-008-1116-5
  2. Smith TR, Grigoropoulos J. The cisterna chyli: incidence and characteristics on CT. Clin Imaging 2002;26:18-22 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0899-7071(01)00358-8
  3. Gollub MJ, Castellino RA. The cisterna chyli: a potential mimic of retrocrural lymphadenopathy on CT scans. Radiology 1996;199:477-480 https://doi.org/10.1148/radiology.199.2.8668798
  4. Schoellnast H, Maybody M, Getrajdman GI, Bains MS, Finley DJ, Solomon SB. Computed tomography-guided access to the cisterna chyli: introduction of a technique for direct lymphangiography to evaluate and treat chylothorax. Cardiovasc Intervent Radiol 2011;34 Suppl 2:S240-S244 https://doi.org/10.1007/s00270-010-9851-9
  5. Propst-Proctor SL, Rinsky LA, Bleck EE. The cisterna chyli in orthopaedic surgery. Spine (Phila Pa 1976) 1983;8:787-792 https://doi.org/10.1097/00007632-198310000-00017
  6. Pinto PS, Sirlin CB, Andrade-Barreto OA, Brown MA, Mindelzun RE, Mattrey RF. Cisterna chyli at routine abdominal MR imaging: a normal anatomic structure in the retrocrural space. Radiographics 2004;24:809-817 https://doi.org/10.1148/rg.243035086
  7. Loukas M, Wartmann CT, Louis RG Jr, Tubbs RS, Salter EG, Gupta AA, et al. Cisterna chyli: a detailed anatomic investigation. Clin Anat 2007;20:683-688 https://doi.org/10.1002/ca.20485
  8. Williams PL, Bannister LH, Berry MM. Cardiovascular system. Gray's anatomy. 38th ed. New York: Churchill Livingstone, 1995:1609-1611
  9. Erden A, Fitoz S, Yagmurlu B, Erden I. Abdominal confluence of lymph trunks: detectability and morphology on heavily T2-weighted images. AJR Am J Roentgenol 2005; 184:35-40 https://doi.org/10.2214/ajr.184.1.01840035
  10. Guyton AC, Hall JE. The microcirculation and the lymphatic system. Textbook of medical physiology. 9th ed. Philadelphia: Saunders, 1996:162-173
  11. Rosenberger A, Abrams HL. Radiology of the thoracic duct. Am J Roentgenol Radium Ther Nucl Med 1971;111:807-820 https://doi.org/10.2214/ajr.111.4.807
  12. Helzel MV. [Sonographic imaging of the ascending lumbar vein and the cisterna chyli or lumbar trunks]. Rofo 1984; 140:172-174 https://doi.org/10.1055/s-2008-1052947
  13. Koslin DB, Stanley RJ, Berland LL, Shin MS, Dalton SC. Hepatic perivascular lymphedema: CT appearance. AJR Am J Roentgenol 1988;150:111-113 https://doi.org/10.2214/ajr.150.1.111
  14. Feuerlein S, Stolz J, Muche R, Hetzel M, Klass O, Brambs HJ, et al. Cisterna chyli in patients with malignancy-Influence of cardiovascular disease on the prevalence of the cisterna. Eur J Radiol 2011;79:262-265 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejrad.2010.02.009
  15. Deimer EE. Lymphatic anatomy. In Herlinger H, Lunderquist A, Wallace S. Clinical radiology of the liver. New York: Dekker, 1983:55-63
  16. Takahashi H, Kuboyama S, Abe H, Aoki T, Miyazaki M, Nakata H. Clinical feasibility of noncontrast-enhanced magnetic resonance lymphography of the thoracic duct. Chest 2003;124:2136-2142 https://doi.org/10.1378/chest.124.6.2136
  17. Zironi G, Cavalli G, Casali A, Piscaglia F, Gaiani S, Siringo S, et al. Sonographic assessment of the distal end of the thoracic duct in healthy volunteers and in patients with portal hypertension. AJR Am J Roentgenol 1995;165:863-866 https://doi.org/10.2214/ajr.165.4.7676982
  18. Kedar RP, Cosgrove DO. Echo-poor periportal cuffing: ultrasonographic appearance and significance. J Clin Ultrasound 1993;21:464-467 https://doi.org/10.1002/jcu.1870210711
  19. Matsui O, Kadoya M, Takashima T, Kameyama T, Yoshikawa J, Tamura S. Intrahepatic periportal abnormal intensity on MR images: an indication of various hepatobiliary diseases. Radiology 1989;171:335-338 https://doi.org/10.1148/radiology.171.2.2704798
  20. Abrams HL, Baum S, Pentecost MJ. Abrams' angiography: vascular and interventional radiology, vol. 2, 4th ed. Boston: Little, Brown and Company, 1997:1891-1906
  21. Feuerlein S, Kern M, Muche R, Ernst AS, Juchems MS, Pauls S. Cisterna chyli in patients with malignancy--is there a correlation between changes in cisterna volume and progression or regression of the tumor? Eur J Radiol 2010;76:177-179 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejrad.2009.05.045