Annals of Occupational and Environmental Medicine

  • 제23권2호
  • /
  • Pages.99-111
  • /
  • 2011
  • /
  • 1225-3618(pISSN)
  • /
  • 2052-4374(eISSN)
대한직업환경의학회 (The Korean Society of Occupational & Environmental Medicine)
권호 표지

소규모 제조업 남성 근로자의 수면의 질, 직무 스트레스 및 피로와 우울과의 관련성

Depressive Symptoms and Their Association with Sleep Quality, Occupational Stress and Fatigue Among Small-Scaled Manufacturing Male Workers

  • 이규선 (충남대학교 대학원 예방의학과) ;
  • 이동배 (충남대학교 의학전문대학원 예방의학교실 및 의학연구소) ;
  • 권인선 (충남대학교 의학전문대학원 예방의학교실 및 의학연구소) ;
  • 조영채 (충남대학교 의학전문대학원 예방의학교실 및 의학연구소)
  • Lee, Kyu-Sun (Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Graduate School Chungnam National University) ;
  • Lee, Dong-Bae (Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Chungnam National University School of Medicine and Research Institute for Medical Sciences) ;
  • Kwon, In-Sun (Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Chungnam National University School of Medicine and Research Institute for Medical Sciences) ;
  • Cho, Young-Chae (Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Chungnam National University School of Medicine and Research Institute for Medical Sciences)
  • 발행 : 2011.06.30
⟨ 이전 논문 다음 논문 ⟩

초록

목적: 본 연구는 소규모 제조업 사업장 남성 근로자들의 인구사회학적 및 건강관련행위 특성, 직업관련 특성, 수면의 질, 직무스트레스 요인 및 피로수준과 우울수준간의 관련성을 파악하며, 또한 우울수준에 유의하게 영향을 미치는 요인들을 규명하고자 시도하였다. 방법: 조사대상은 대한산업보건협회 충북지부에서 건강검진을 실시하고 있는 50인 미만의 소규모 제조업 사업장 62개소에 종사하고 있는 남성 근로자 856명으로 하였다. 자료 수집은 2010년 4월1일부터 6월 30일까지의 기간동안에 자기기입식 설문조사(self-administrated questionnaire)를 통해 이루어 졌으며, 연구대상자의 인구사회학적 및 건강관련행위 특성, 직업관련 특성, 수면의 질(PSQI), 직무스트레스(KOSS) 및 피로(MFS)와 우울수준(CES-D)과의 관련성에 대해 분석하였다. 결과: 전체 조사대상자 856명 중 우울군(CES-D 21점 이상)의 분포는 379명으로 44.3%를 차지하였으며, 우울군(CES-D 21점 이상)에 속할 위험도(ORs)는 수면의 질이 좋다는 군(PSQI 5점 미만)에 비해 좋지 않다는 군(PSQI 5점 이상)에서, 직무스트레스가 정상인 군에 비해 고위험 스트레스군에서, 피로수준이 정상인 군에 비해 고위험 피로군에서 유의하게 증가하였다. 우울수준은 직무스트레스(r=0.538, p<0.01), 피로(r=0.533, p<0.01) 및 수면의 질(r=-0.399, p<0.01)과 유의한 양의 상관관계를 보였다. 위계적 다중회귀분석 결과 우울수준은 기혼군보다 미혼군에서, BMI가 낮을수록, 주관적인 건강상태가 좋지 않을수록, 여가시간이 없을수록, 직급이 과장급 이상인 군보다 대리 계장급 이하 군에서, 근무경력이 낮을수록, 직장생활에 만족한다는 군보다 만족하지 않다는 군에서, 수면의 질이 낮을수록, 직무스트레스가 높을수록, 피로수준이 높을수록 유의하게 높았다. 특히 직무스트레스 요인은 14.0%의 설명력을 증가시켜 다른 요인보다 우울수준과 높은 관련성이 있음을 시사하고 있다. 결론: 소규모 제조업 남성 근로자들의 우울수준은 인구사회학적 및 건강관련행위 특성이나 직업관련 특성뿐만 아니라 수면의 질, 직무스트레스 및 피로와도 유의한 관련성이 있었다. 특히 우울수준은 수면의 질이나 피로요인보다 직무스트레스 요인에 의해 더 큰 영향을 받고 있음을 알 수 있었으며, 따라서 근로자들의 우울수준을 감소시키기 위해서는 작업환경 및 직무내용의 개선을 위한 노력이 필요할 것으로 생각된다.

Objectives: To determine the depressive symptoms and their association with sleep quality, occupational stress and fatigue among small-scale manufacturing male workers. Methods: A self-administered questionnaire was distributed to 856 workers employed in 62 work places under 50 members of manufacturing industries from April 1st to June 30th, 2010. The questionnaire survey included sociodemographic and health-related characteristics, job-related characteristics, sleep quality (PSQI), occupational stress (KOSS), fatigue symptoms (MFS) and depressive symptoms (CES-D). Results: Among all subjects, 44.3% were in the depression group (21 points and over in the CES-D score), and it was positively correlated with occupational stress, fatigue and quality of sleep. The adjusted odds ratios for the effect of depression on sleep quality, occupational stress and fatigue were significantly increased in the high risk group compared to that in the normal group. Hierarchial multiple regression analysis revealed that the following factors of influence had combined explanatory powers of 49.3% on depression: marital status, BMI, subjective status of health, leisure time, job position, job tenure, sense of satisfaction in work, quality of sleep, occupational stress and fatigue. Conclusions: The study results revealed a very complicated influence exerted on the level of depression by variable factors, as well as sociodemographic characteristics, health related characteristics and job-related characteristics, particularly quality of sleep, occupational stress and fatigue. Especially, the level of depression was more influenced by occupational stress than by quality of sleep and fatigue factors.

키워드

참고문헌

  1. Jung KH. Systematic change in korean economy after the economic crisis. Trend and Prospective 2007;(69):235-61.(Korean)
  2. Stewart WE, Ricci JA, Chee E, Hahn SR, Morganstein D. Cost of lost productive work time among US workers with depression. JAMA 2003;289;3135-44. https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.289.23.3135
  3. Murry C, Lopez A. Alternative projections of mortality and disability by cause 1999-2020: global burden of disease study. Lancet 1997;349:1498-504. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(96)07492-2
  4. Karasek RC, Frank RG. The impact psychiatric disorders on work loss days. Psychological Medicine 1997;27(4):861-73. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0033291797004807
  5. Kessler RC, Berglund P, Demler O, Jin R, Merikangas KR, Walters EE. Lifetime prevalence and age-of onset distributions of DSM-IV disorders in the national comorbidity survey replication. Archives of General Psychiatry 2005;62:593-602. https://doi.org/10.1001/archpsyc.62.6.593
  6. Woo JM. Job Stress and Mental Health. Abstracts presented at the Academic Convention for the 1st Anniversary. Korean Society of Occupational Stress, Seoul, Korea, 2004. pp 49-68. (Korean) (translated by Cho YC)
  7. Choi SC, Park HW. A study on the effects of employees' socio-emotional problems on stress, depression, and self-esteem. Korean J Social Welfare 2005;57(4):177-96. (Korean)
  8. Wang JL, Adair CE, Patten SB. Mental health and related disability among workers: A population-based study. American J Industrial Med 2006;49(7):514-22. https://doi.org/10.1002/ajim.20319
  9. Kim W, Hwang TY, Ham BJ, Lee JS, Choi BH, Kim SJ, Seo YJ, Kang EH, Woo JM. The impact of major depressive disorder on productivity in workers: A preliminary study using WHO-HPO(health and work performance questionnaire). J Korean Neuropsychiatr Assoc 2007;46(6):587-95. (Korean)
  10. Park KC, Lee KJ, Park JB, Min KB, Lee KW. Association between occupational stress and depression, anxiety, and stress symptoms among white-collar male workers in a automotive company. Korean J Occup Environ Med 2008;20(3):215-24. (Korean)
  11. Cha BS, Chang SJ, Lee MK, Park JK. Research on work stress and mental health status of the industrial works. Korean J Prev Med 1989;22(1):90-101. (Korean)
  12. Cho JJ, Kim JY, Chang SJ, Fiedler N, Koh SB, Crabtree BF, Kang DM, Kim YK, Choi YH. Occupational stress and depression in Korean employees. Int Arch Occup Environ Health 2008;82:47-57. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00420-008-0306-4
  13. Park SG, Min KB, Chang SJ, Kim HC, Min JY. Job stress and depressive symptoms among Korean employees: the effects of culture on work. Int Arch Occup Environ Health 2009;82:397-405. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00420-008-0347-8
  14. Kim SY, Chang SJ, Kim HR, Roh JH. A study on the relationship between emotional labor and depressive symptoms among Korean industrial service employees. Korean J Occup Environ Med 2002;14(3):227-35. (Korean)
  15. Byun CB, Youn KW, Choi KJ, Cho YH, Paek DM. Depressive symptoms of workplace violence exposed subjects in Korea. Korean J Occup Environ Med 2009;21(4):314-23. (Korean)
  16. Rim SY, Chang SJ, Kim HR, Roh JH. A study on the relationship between emotional labor and depressive symptoms among Korean industrial service employees. Korean J Occup Environ Med 2002;14(3):227-35. (Korean)
  17. Lee SW, Kim KS, Kim TG, Ryu HW, Lee MY, Won YL, Song YH. The relationship between job stress and depressive symptoms in migrant workers in Kyung-gi province in Korea. Korean J Occup Environ Med 2009;21(1):76-86. (Korean)
  18. Kim HS, Yim HW, Lee JY, Cho HJ, Jo SJ, Lee WC. Influences of self-esteem and social support on the depression stati of some clinical nurses. Korean J Occup Environ Med 2007;19(2):125-34. (Korean)
  19. Cho JJ. Study for Evaluation of Validity and Relability to Korean Occupational Stress Scale. OSHRI. Korea Occupational Safety and Health Agency. Incheon, Korea. 2005. pp 82-91. (Korean) (translated by Lee SW)
  20. WHO western pacific region. The Asia-Pacific perspective: redefining obesity and its treatment. Health Communications Australia Pty Ltd. Sydney. 2000. pp 17.
  21. Buysee DJ, Reynolds CF, Monk TH, Berman SR, Kupfer DJ. The Pittsburgh sleep quality index: a new instrument for psychiatric practice and research. Psychiatr Res 1989;28(2):193-213. https://doi.org/10.1016/0165-1781(89)90047-4
  22. Kim GD. A study on quality of sleep and sleep disturbing factor among community dwelling elderly. Korean J Society of Welfare for the Aged 2000;7(1):173-92. (Korean)
  23. Chang SJ, Koh SB, Kang DM, Kim SA, Kang MG, Lee CG, Chung JJ, Cho JJ, Son M, Chae CH, Kim JW, Kim JI, Kim HS, Roh SC, Park JB, Woo JM, Kim SY, Kim JY, Ha M, Park JS, Rhee KY, Kim HR, Kong JO, Kim IA, Kim JS, Park JH, Huyun SJ, Son DK. Developing an occupational stress scale for Korean employees. Korean J Occup Environ Med 2005;17(4):297-317. (Korean)
  24. Schwartz JE, Jandorf L, Krupp LB. The measurement of fatigue: a new instrument. J Psychosom Res 1993;37(7):753-62. https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-3999(93)90104-N
  25. Chang SJ. Standardization of collection and measurement of health statistics data. The Korean Society for Preventive Medicine. Seoul. 2000. pp 144-81. (Korean)
  26. Weissman MM, Locke BZ. Comparison of a self-report symptom rating scale (CES-D) with standardized depression rating scales in psychiatric populations. Am J Epidemiol 1975;102(5):430-1.
  27. Cho MJ, Kim KH. Diagnostic validity of the CESD(Korean version) in the assessment of DSM-III-R major depression. J of the Korean Neuropsychiatr Assoc 1993;32(3):381-99. (Korean)
  28. Lee JT, Lee KJ, Park JB, Lee KW, Jang KS. The relations between shiftwork and sleep disturbance in a university hospital nurses. Korean J Occup Environ Med 2007;19(3):223-30. (Korean)
  29. Crawford JR, Henry JD. The Depression Anxiety Stress Scale (DASS): Normative data and latent structure in a large non-clinical sample. Br J Clin Psychol 2003; 42(2):111-31. https://doi.org/10.1348/014466503321903544
  30. Edimansyah BA, Rusli BN, Naing L, Mohamed Rusli BA, Winn T, Tengkn Mohamed Ariff BR. Self-perceived depression, anxiety, stress and their relationships with psychosocial job factors in male automotive assembly workers. Ind Health 2008;46(1):90-100. https://doi.org/10.2486/indhealth.46.90
  31. Virtanen M, Koskinen S, Kivimaki M, Honkonen T, Vahtera J, Ahola K, Lonnqvist. Contribution of nonwork and work-related risk factors to the association between income and mental disorders in a working population: the Health 2000 Study. Occup Environ Med 2008;65(3):171-8. https://doi.org/10.1136/oem.2007.033159
  32. Godin I, Kittel F, Coppieters Y, Siegrist J. A prospective study of cumulative job stress in relation to mental health. BMC Public Health 2005;5(1):67-76. https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2458-5-67
  33. Lee CM, Song DH, Park HK, Song BI. A model testing study on the job stress and organizational outcomes. Korean Society for Industrial Organizational Psychology 1991;4(1):1-21. (Korean)
  34. Gomez GE, Gomez EA. Depression in the elderly. J Psychosoc Nurs Ment Health Serv 1991;31(5):28-33.
  35. Kivimaki M, Vahtera J, Pentti J, Ferrie JE. Factors underlying the effects of organizational downsizing on health of employees: longitudinal cohort study. BMJ 2000;320(7240):971-5. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.320.7240.971
  36. Vahtera J, Kivim?ki M, Pentti J. Effect of organizational downsizing on health of employees. Lancet 1997;350(9085):1124-8. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(97)03216-9
  37. Koh SB. Son MA, Kong JO, Lee CG, Chang SJ, Cha BS. Job characteristics and psycho-social distress of atypical workers. Korean J Occup Environ Med 2004;16(1):103-13. (Korean)
  38. Kim KH, Kim JW, Kim SH. Influences of job stressor on psychosocial well-being, fatigue and sleep sufficiency among firefighters. Korean J Occup Environ Med 2006;18(3):232-45. (Korean)
  39. Son MA, Sug JH, Yum MG, Kong JO, Lee HU, Kim IA, Kim JY. Circadian disruptions of heart rate variability among weekly consecutive-12-hour 2 shift workers in the automobile factory in Korea. J Prev Med Public Health 2004;37(2):182-9. (Korean)
  40. Yoon JS, Kook SH, Lee HY, Shin IS, Kim AJ. Sleep pattern, job satisfaction and quality of life in nurses on rotating shift and daytime fixed work schedules. J Korean Neuropsychiatr Assoc 1999;38(4):713-22. (Korean)
  41. Harrington JM. Health effects of shift work and extended hours of work. Occup Environ Med, 2001;58:68-72. https://doi.org/10.1136/oem.58.1.68
  42. Knutsson A. Shift work and coronary heart disease. Scand J Soc Med Suppl 1989;44:1-36.
  43. Nicolas A, Dorey JM, Charles E, Clement JP. Sleep and depression in elderly people. Psychol Neuropsychiatr Vieil 2010;8(3):171-8. (French)
  44. Shigemi J, Mino Y, Ohtus T, Tsuda T. Effects of perceived job stress on mental health. A longitudinal survey in a Japanese electronics company. Eur J Epidemiol 2000;16(4):371-6. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1007646323031
  45. Melchior M, Caspi A, Milne BJ, Danese A, Poulton R, Moffitt TE. Work stress precipitates depression and anxiety in young, working women and men. Psychol Med 2007;37(8):1119-29. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0033291707000414