Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology

The Korean Society for Microbiology and Biotechnology (한국미생물·생명공학회)
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Decolorization and Biotransformation of Triphenylmethane Dye, Methyl Violet, by Aspergillus sp. Isolated from Ladakh, India

  • Kumar, C. Ganesh (Chemical Biology Laboratory, Indian Institute of Chemical Technology) ;
  • Mongolla, Poornima (Chemical Biology Laboratory, Indian Institute of Chemical Technology) ;
  • Basha, Anver (Chemical Biology Laboratory, Indian Institute of Chemical Technology) ;
  • Joseph, Joveeta (Chemical Biology Laboratory, Indian Institute of Chemical Technology) ;
  • Sarma, V.U.M. (Natural Products Laboratory, Indian Institute of Chemical Technology) ;
  • Kamal, Ahmed (Chemical Biology Laboratory, Indian Institute of Chemical Technology)
  • Received : 2010.11.11
  • Accepted : 2010.12.24
  • Published : 2011.03.28
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Abstract

Methyl violet, used extensively in the commercial textile industry and as a biological stain, is a hazardous recalcitrant. Aspergillus sp. strain CB-TKL-1 isolated from a water sample from Tsumoriri Lake, Karzok, Ladakh, India, was found to completely decolorize methyl violet within 24 h when cultured under aerobic conditions at $25^{\circ}C$. The rate of decolorization was determined by monitoring the decrease in the absorbance maxima of the dye by UV-visible spectroscopy. The decolorization of methyl violet was optimal at pH 5.5 and $30^{\circ}C$ when agitated at 200 rpm. Addition of glucose or arabinose (2%) as a carbon source and sodium nitrate or soyapeptone (0.2%) as a nitrogen source enhanced the decolorization ability of the culture. Furthermore, the culture exhibited a maximum decolorization rate of methyl violet after 24 h when the C:N ratio was 10. Nine N-demethylated decolorized products of methyl violet were identified based on UV-visible spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), and LC-MS analyses. The decolorization of methyl violet at the end of 24 h generated mono-, di-, tri-, tetra-, penta-, and hexa-N-demethylated intermediates of pararosaniline. The variation of the relative absorption peaks in the decolorized sample indicated a linear decrease of hexa-N-demethylated compounds to non-N-demethylated pararosaniline, indicating a stepwise N-demethylation in the decolorization process.

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References

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